{"title":"Associations between Clustered Visual Field Progression and Locations of Disc Hemorrhages in Glaucoma: A Three-year Prospective Study.","authors":"Tadamichi Akagi, Takeo Fukuchi, Tomomi Higashide, Sachiko Udagawa, Shinji Ohkubo, Kazuhisa Sugiyama, Hidenobu Tanihara, Makoto Araie, Goji Tomita, Chota Matsumoto, Atsuo Tomidokoro, Masanori Hangai, Hisashi Kawata, Maya Inai, Yuki Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.ogla.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the impact of disc hemorrhages (DHs) at different locations on clustered visual field (VF) progression in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) over a 3-year prospective study.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A prospective, multicenter cohort study.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Patients diagnosed with POAG and intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤18 mmHg undergoing prostaglandin analog monotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>VF testing, IOP measurements, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were conducted quarterly over a 3-year period. DH locations were categorized into superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal quadrants. The VF was subdivided into superior, inferior, and central regions, with the central VF further divided into superior central and inferior central zones. A multivariable linear mixed-effects model with random intercepts and slopes was employed to analyze the relationship between DH history at specific locations and progressive changes in clustered total deviation (TD).</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Association between DH location and the rate of clustered VF progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 186 eyes from 109 patients, DH occurred in 61 eyes (32.8%). Superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal DH were observed in 19, 31, 21, and 2 eyes, respectively. Faster superior TD slope was significantly associated with inferior DH (P=0.032), but not with superior or temporal DH. A faster inferior TD slope was significantly associated with a worse inferior baseline TD value (P=0.009) and marginally associated with superior DH (P=0.053) but not with inferior or temporal DH. A faster central TD slope was significantly associated with temporal DH (P<0.001) and inferior DH (P=0.032) but not with superior DH. Detailed analysis revealed that inferior DH was significantly associated with the superior central TD slope (P=0.010), but not with the inferior central TD slope. Although DH recurrence was observed in 33 eyes, the number of DH events did not show an additive effect on corresponding clustered VF progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The location of DH was strongly associated with corresponding clustered VF progression in patients with POAG. Both temporal and inferior DH represent risk factors for central VF progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":56368,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmology. Glaucoma","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ophthalmology. Glaucoma","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogla.2025.04.009","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the impact of disc hemorrhages (DHs) at different locations on clustered visual field (VF) progression in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) over a 3-year prospective study.
Design: A prospective, multicenter cohort study.
Participants: Patients diagnosed with POAG and intraocular pressure (IOP) ≤18 mmHg undergoing prostaglandin analog monotherapy.
Methods: VF testing, IOP measurements, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were conducted quarterly over a 3-year period. DH locations were categorized into superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal quadrants. The VF was subdivided into superior, inferior, and central regions, with the central VF further divided into superior central and inferior central zones. A multivariable linear mixed-effects model with random intercepts and slopes was employed to analyze the relationship between DH history at specific locations and progressive changes in clustered total deviation (TD).
Main outcome measures: Association between DH location and the rate of clustered VF progression.
Results: Among 186 eyes from 109 patients, DH occurred in 61 eyes (32.8%). Superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal DH were observed in 19, 31, 21, and 2 eyes, respectively. Faster superior TD slope was significantly associated with inferior DH (P=0.032), but not with superior or temporal DH. A faster inferior TD slope was significantly associated with a worse inferior baseline TD value (P=0.009) and marginally associated with superior DH (P=0.053) but not with inferior or temporal DH. A faster central TD slope was significantly associated with temporal DH (P<0.001) and inferior DH (P=0.032) but not with superior DH. Detailed analysis revealed that inferior DH was significantly associated with the superior central TD slope (P=0.010), but not with the inferior central TD slope. Although DH recurrence was observed in 33 eyes, the number of DH events did not show an additive effect on corresponding clustered VF progression.
Conclusions: The location of DH was strongly associated with corresponding clustered VF progression in patients with POAG. Both temporal and inferior DH represent risk factors for central VF progression.
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