{"title":"Comparison of lidocaine incisional block techniques on early postoperative pain scores in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy","authors":"Wanwisa Chaoum , Piyasak Wipoosak , B. Duncan X. Lascelles , Supranee Jitpean , Naruepon Kampa , Thanikul Srithunyarat","doi":"10.1016/j.vaa.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare postoperative pain scores following lidocaine incisional block techniques (infiltration <em>versus</em> splash methods) with an intraperitoneal splash block in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, clinical study.</div></div><div><h3>Animals</h3><div>A total of 30 client-owned female dogs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All dogs were premedicated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.02 mg kg<sup>–1</sup>). General anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Fentanyl (2 μg kg<sup>–1</sup>) was administered intravenously before skin incision, and lidocaine (4 mg kg<sup>–1</sup>) splashed intraperitoneally during surgery. Dogs were randomly divided into two groups (<em>n</em> = 15 per group) based on incisional block technique, with blocks performed at the end of surgery. Group INC was administered incisional infiltration of lidocaine (2 mg kg<sup>–1</sup> plus equal volume of saline, final dilution of 1%), with injection into subcutaneous tissues along in the incision. Group SP was administered an incisional splash of lidocaine on the subcutaneous tissues before skin closure. Both techniques were performed in each group, lidocaine for the designated treatment and saline for the other. Postoperative physiological variables were measured and pain was evaluated using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale–Short Form (CMPS-SF) at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after extubation. Data were statistically analyzed using a linear mixed model with Bonferroni correction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At 120 minutes after extubation, CMPS-SF pain scores were significantly lower in group SP than in group INC (1.9 ± 0.9 <em>versus</em> 2.9 ± 0.9, <em>p</em> = 0.002; mean ± standard deviation). However, pain scores in both groups were below the intervention threshold for rescue. No dogs required rescue analgesia.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical relevance</h3><div>Both lidocaine incisional infiltration and splash, combined with intraperitoneal splash, provided effective analgesia for up to 2 hours postoperatively in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Lidocaine incisional splash is recommended as a simpler technique associated with lower pain scores.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23626,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","volume":"52 4","pages":"Pages 462-469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1467298725000923","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective
To compare postoperative pain scores following lidocaine incisional block techniques (infiltration versus splash methods) with an intraperitoneal splash block in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.
All dogs were premedicated with intramuscular acepromazine (0.02 mg kg–1). General anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Fentanyl (2 μg kg–1) was administered intravenously before skin incision, and lidocaine (4 mg kg–1) splashed intraperitoneally during surgery. Dogs were randomly divided into two groups (n = 15 per group) based on incisional block technique, with blocks performed at the end of surgery. Group INC was administered incisional infiltration of lidocaine (2 mg kg–1 plus equal volume of saline, final dilution of 1%), with injection into subcutaneous tissues along in the incision. Group SP was administered an incisional splash of lidocaine on the subcutaneous tissues before skin closure. Both techniques were performed in each group, lidocaine for the designated treatment and saline for the other. Postoperative physiological variables were measured and pain was evaluated using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale–Short Form (CMPS-SF) at 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after extubation. Data were statistically analyzed using a linear mixed model with Bonferroni correction.
Results
At 120 minutes after extubation, CMPS-SF pain scores were significantly lower in group SP than in group INC (1.9 ± 0.9 versus 2.9 ± 0.9, p = 0.002; mean ± standard deviation). However, pain scores in both groups were below the intervention threshold for rescue. No dogs required rescue analgesia.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
Both lidocaine incisional infiltration and splash, combined with intraperitoneal splash, provided effective analgesia for up to 2 hours postoperatively in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Lidocaine incisional splash is recommended as a simpler technique associated with lower pain scores.
期刊介绍:
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia is the official journal of the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists, the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia and the European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. Its purpose is the publication of original, peer reviewed articles covering all branches of anaesthesia and the relief of pain in animals. Articles concerned with the following subjects related to anaesthesia and analgesia are also welcome:
the basic sciences;
pathophysiology of disease as it relates to anaesthetic management
equipment
intensive care
chemical restraint of animals including laboratory animals, wildlife and exotic animals
welfare issues associated with pain and distress
education in veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia.
Review articles, special articles, and historical notes will also be published, along with editorials, case reports in the form of letters to the editor, and book reviews. There is also an active correspondence section.