The Immunomodulatory mechanism and research progress of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

IF 7.1 2区医学 Q1 CELL & TISSUE ENGINEERING

Stem Cell Research & Therapy Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI:10.1186/s13287-025-04333-2

Yu-Meng Ye, Yu-Xin Zhao, Li-Rong Xiang, Chen-Yu Zou, Hao Xiao, Huan Lu, Hui Yang, Juan-Juan Hu, Hui-Qi Xie

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Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects 10-40% of the global population, yet current therapies (drugs, immunotherapy) face limitations in efficacy and safety. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative due to their immunomodulatory properties.

Key findings: Preclinical studies demonstrate that MSCs from adipose, bone marrow, umbilical cord, and tonsils reduce AR symptoms (sneezing, nasal inflammation) and serum IgE (Immunoglobulin E) levels by restoring Th1/Th2 immune equilibrium and enhancing Treg (Regulatory T cells) activity. MSC-derived exosomes and hydrogel-encapsulated formulations further improve targeting and safety. However, clinical translation is hindered by heterogeneous protocols and unresolved long-term risks (e.g., tumorigenicity).

Clinical significance: MSC-based therapies offer potential for durable AR remission by addressing immune dysregulation at its root. Future efforts must prioritize standardized production, phase I safety trials, and combination strategies (e.g., exosomes + hydrogels) to accelerate clinical adoption.

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间充质干细胞治疗变应性鼻炎的免疫调节机制及研究进展。

背景：变应性鼻炎（AR）影响全球10-40%的人口，但目前的治疗方法（药物、免疫疗法）在有效性和安全性方面存在局限性。间充质干细胞（MSCs）由于其免疫调节特性而成为一种有希望的替代方法。主要发现：临床前研究表明，来自脂肪、骨髓、脐带和扁桃体的间充质干细胞通过恢复Th1/Th2免疫平衡和增强Treg（调节性T细胞）活性，减轻AR症状（打喷嚏、鼻腔炎症）和血清IgE（免疫球蛋白E）水平。msc衍生的外泌体和水凝胶包封制剂进一步提高了靶向性和安全性。然而，临床转化受到异质性方案和未解决的长期风险（例如，致瘤性）的阻碍。临床意义：基于骨髓间质干细胞的疗法通过从根源上解决免疫失调，为持久的AR缓解提供了潜力。未来的工作必须优先考虑标准化生产、I期安全性试验和联合策略（例如外泌体+水凝胶），以加速临床应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Stem Cell Research & Therapy CELL BIOLOGY-MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

CiteScore

13.20

自引率

8.00%

发文量

525

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Stem Cell Research & Therapy serves as a leading platform for translational research in stem cell therapies. This international, peer-reviewed journal publishes high-quality open-access research articles, with a focus on basic, translational, and clinical research in stem cell therapeutics and regenerative therapies. Coverage includes animal models and clinical trials. Additionally, the journal offers reviews, viewpoints, commentaries, and reports.