Appearance of transient heteromorphic large chromosome in glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus tuberculatus.

IF 2.4 4区 生物学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Rajendran Sathishraj, Yoonha Ju, Bikram S Gill, Dal-Hoe Koo
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Glyphosate resistance in crop weeds is commonly attributed to rapid evolution through the amplification of the target gene, EPSPS (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase). This amplification typically occurs through mechanisms such as unequal recombination, segmental duplications within the target chromosome, or the formation of ring chromosomes and extrachromosomal circular (ecc) DNA elements containing EPSPS. However, structural abnormalities in chromosomes not directly associated with EPSPS amplification have not been documented in the glyphosate-resistant weed population. Here, we describe the presence of a large chromosome found exclusively in the glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus tuberculatus (waterhemp) population but absent in susceptible counterparts. This large chromosome (~ 6 μm) is approximately twice the size of normal chromosomes (~ 2-3 μm) and is present in both male and female euploid plants (2n = 32) in a heteromorphic state. It aroses through pericentromeric heterochromatin expansion and duplications of the 5S rDNA locus but notably lacks the EPSPS gene. The large chromosome pairs with its normal homolog but was not transmitted to progeny in controlled greenhouse matings, suggesting a fitness cost in the absence of glyphosate selection pressure. This large chromosome offers a potential resource for the investigation of chromosome evolution of adaptive traits for glyphosate resistance in A. tuberculatus.

抗草甘膦苋瞬时异型大染色体的出现。
作物杂草对草甘膦的抗性通常归因于通过扩增目标基因EPSPS(5-烯醇丙酮酰石草酸-3-磷酸合成酶)的快速进化。这种扩增通常通过不平等重组、靶染色体内的片段复制或环状染色体和含有EPSPS的染色体外环状(ecc) DNA元件的形成等机制发生。然而,在抗草甘膦杂草群体中,与EPSPS扩增不直接相关的染色体结构异常尚未被记录。在这里,我们描述了在抗草甘膦的苋属(水麻)种群中发现的一条大染色体的存在,但在易感的对偶中却没有。这条大的染色体(~ 6 μm)大约是正常染色体(~ 2-3 μm)的两倍大,在雄性和雌性整倍体植物(2n = 32)中均以异型状态存在。它通过5S rDNA位点的异染色质扩展和复制而产生,但明显缺乏EPSPS基因。大的染色体与正常的同源染色体配对,但在受控的温室交配中没有传递给后代,这表明在没有草甘膦选择压力的情况下存在适应度成本。这条大染色体为研究结核分枝杆菌抗草甘膦适应性性状的染色体进化提供了潜在的资源。
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来源期刊
Chromosome Research
Chromosome Research 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.80%
发文量
31
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Chromosome Research publishes manuscripts from work based on all organisms and encourages submissions in the following areas including, but not limited, to: · Chromosomes and their linkage to diseases; · Chromosome organization within the nucleus; · Chromatin biology (transcription, non-coding RNA, etc); · Chromosome structure, function and mechanics; · Chromosome and DNA repair; · Epigenetic chromosomal functions (centromeres, telomeres, replication, imprinting, dosage compensation, sex determination, chromosome remodeling); · Architectural/epigenomic organization of the genome; · Functional annotation of the genome; · Functional and comparative genomics in plants and animals; · Karyology studies that help resolve difficult taxonomic problems or that provide clues to fundamental mechanisms of genome and karyotype evolution in plants and animals; · Mitosis and Meiosis; · Cancer cytogenomics.
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