Mihrican Yeşildağ, Zeynep Keskin, Durdu Mehmet Yavşan, Taha Tahir Bekci, Usame Omer Osmanoglu
{"title":"The Effects of Smoking and Airway Restriction on Subclinical Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Mihrican Yeşildağ, Zeynep Keskin, Durdu Mehmet Yavşan, Taha Tahir Bekci, Usame Omer Osmanoglu","doi":"10.2147/COPD.S512381","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disease associated with systemic inflammation that may accelerate the atherosclerotic process. Smoking is a common risk factor for COPD and atherosclerosis. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of COPD and smoking on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), in order to emphasise their importance in terms of subclinical atherosclerosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study involved 208 male patients aged 45-65 years and was designed as a prospective, observational case-control study. Patients were separated into three groups, as follows: Group 1-non-smokers without airway obstruction (control) (n= 70); Group 2-smokers without airway obstruction (n= 70); and Group 3-smokers with airway obstruction(COPD) (n= 68). They were also classified into thickened CIMT (≥0.8mm) and normal CIMT (<0.8mm) groups. Pulmonary function tests (PFT), carotid Doppler ultrasound, and biochemical and haematological tests were applied to all the participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CIMT values were markedly increased in the COPD group (1.00 [0.90-1.30] mm), compared to the smoker group without airway obstruction (0.70 [0.58-0.90] mm) and the non-smoker control group (0.60 [0.50-0.70] mm). The factors associated with CIMT were FEV₁/FVC ratio (Exp B 0.0952, p=0.003), age (Exp B 1.082, p<0.001), and cigarette pack-years (Exp B 1.030, p=0.020). In feature importance analysis, the most influential factor on CIMT was the FEV₁/FVC ratio (0.54) indicating COPD, followed by age (0.33) and cigarette pack-years (0.13).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among the factors influencing CIMT, the impact of a decreased FEV₁/FVC ratio was found to be the highest. Therefore, screening with carotid US should be considered for the early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with COPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":48818,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"20 ","pages":"1217-1226"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12036678/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S512381","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"RESPIRATORY SYSTEM","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disease associated with systemic inflammation that may accelerate the atherosclerotic process. Smoking is a common risk factor for COPD and atherosclerosis. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of COPD and smoking on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), in order to emphasise their importance in terms of subclinical atherosclerosis.
Materials and methods: The study involved 208 male patients aged 45-65 years and was designed as a prospective, observational case-control study. Patients were separated into three groups, as follows: Group 1-non-smokers without airway obstruction (control) (n= 70); Group 2-smokers without airway obstruction (n= 70); and Group 3-smokers with airway obstruction(COPD) (n= 68). They were also classified into thickened CIMT (≥0.8mm) and normal CIMT (<0.8mm) groups. Pulmonary function tests (PFT), carotid Doppler ultrasound, and biochemical and haematological tests were applied to all the participants.
Results: CIMT values were markedly increased in the COPD group (1.00 [0.90-1.30] mm), compared to the smoker group without airway obstruction (0.70 [0.58-0.90] mm) and the non-smoker control group (0.60 [0.50-0.70] mm). The factors associated with CIMT were FEV₁/FVC ratio (Exp B 0.0952, p=0.003), age (Exp B 1.082, p<0.001), and cigarette pack-years (Exp B 1.030, p=0.020). In feature importance analysis, the most influential factor on CIMT was the FEV₁/FVC ratio (0.54) indicating COPD, followed by age (0.33) and cigarette pack-years (0.13).
Conclusion: Among the factors influencing CIMT, the impact of a decreased FEV₁/FVC ratio was found to be the highest. Therefore, screening with carotid US should be considered for the early detection of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with COPD.
期刊介绍:
An international, peer-reviewed journal of therapeutics and pharmacology focusing on concise rapid reporting of clinical studies and reviews in COPD. Special focus will be given to the pathophysiological processes underlying the disease, intervention programs, patient focused education, and self management protocols. This journal is directed at specialists and healthcare professionals