{"title":"Palliative care competencies: a bioethical analysis of medical students' education.","authors":"Manuela Torrado Truiti, Carla Corradi Perini, Úrsula Bueno do Prado Guirro","doi":"10.1186/s12909-025-07265-w","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With technological advancements, health education has predominantly focused on technical aspects, neglecting human values. Palliative care (PC), seeking holistic care, becomes crucial in this context, and for its development, the World Health Organization has defined its education and teaching as one of the essential pillars. PC emphasizes patient dignity, autonomy, and holistic well-being, reflecting Thomasma and Pellegrino's beneficence-in-trust model, fostering trust and ethical care.The aim of this research was to analyze, through the bioethics perspective, the acquisition of PC competencies among medical students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional, quantitative study assessed 360 medical students from a public university in Paraná, using the Pallicomp tool questionnaire to evaluate PC competencies. Data were analyzed using statistical methods, comparing scores across academic cycles and prior PC coursework. Findings were interpreted through bioethical principles and Pellegrino and Thomasma's beneficence-in-trust model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Basic cycle students presented a higher overall score than those in the internship, with statistical difference, and the individual analysis of competencies did not reveal an increase throughout the course. When considering the overall score between students who took PC courses and those who did not, there was no statistically significant difference. Deficiencies were observed in key areas involving bioethical principles, including symptom management, compassionate communication, spirituality, and interdisciplinary teamwork.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study revealed gaps in PC education among medical students, with scores below 70% across academic cycles and a decline from basic to internship levels. The findings highlight deficiencies in holistic, patient-centered competencies, including psychological and spiritual care, interdisciplinary teamwork, and communication. Addressing these gaps requires integrating bioethical principles and practical training throughout medical education to foster ethical, humanized, and comprehensive care, aligning with the beneficence-in-trust model.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":51234,"journal":{"name":"BMC Medical Education","volume":"25 1","pages":"694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067714/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"BMC Medical Education","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07265-w","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: With technological advancements, health education has predominantly focused on technical aspects, neglecting human values. Palliative care (PC), seeking holistic care, becomes crucial in this context, and for its development, the World Health Organization has defined its education and teaching as one of the essential pillars. PC emphasizes patient dignity, autonomy, and holistic well-being, reflecting Thomasma and Pellegrino's beneficence-in-trust model, fostering trust and ethical care.The aim of this research was to analyze, through the bioethics perspective, the acquisition of PC competencies among medical students.
Methods: This cross-sectional, quantitative study assessed 360 medical students from a public university in Paraná, using the Pallicomp tool questionnaire to evaluate PC competencies. Data were analyzed using statistical methods, comparing scores across academic cycles and prior PC coursework. Findings were interpreted through bioethical principles and Pellegrino and Thomasma's beneficence-in-trust model.
Results: Basic cycle students presented a higher overall score than those in the internship, with statistical difference, and the individual analysis of competencies did not reveal an increase throughout the course. When considering the overall score between students who took PC courses and those who did not, there was no statistically significant difference. Deficiencies were observed in key areas involving bioethical principles, including symptom management, compassionate communication, spirituality, and interdisciplinary teamwork.
Conclusions: This study revealed gaps in PC education among medical students, with scores below 70% across academic cycles and a decline from basic to internship levels. The findings highlight deficiencies in holistic, patient-centered competencies, including psychological and spiritual care, interdisciplinary teamwork, and communication. Addressing these gaps requires integrating bioethical principles and practical training throughout medical education to foster ethical, humanized, and comprehensive care, aligning with the beneficence-in-trust model.
期刊介绍：
BMC Medical Education is an open access journal publishing original peer-reviewed research articles in relation to the training of healthcare professionals, including undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing education. The journal has a special focus on curriculum development, evaluations of performance, assessment of training needs and evidence-based medicine.
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