A Forensic Science-Based Model for Identifying and Mitigating Forensic Mental Health Expert Biases.

IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q1 LAW
Melinda DiCiro, Shoba Sreenivasan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In 2020, cognitive neuroscientist Itiel Dror developed a cognitive framework to address biases influenced by cognitive processes and external pressures in decisions made by forensic experts. Dror's model highlights how ostensibly objective data, such as toxicology or fingerprints, can be affected by bias driven by contextual, motivational, and organizational factors. Forensic mental health evaluations, often more subjective than physical forensic evidence analysis, are particularly vulnerable to these cognitive biases. Dror identified six expert fallacies, such as the belief that bias only affects unethical or incompetent practitioners, and proposed a pyramidal model showing how biases infiltrate expert decisions. This article adapts Dror's model to forensic mental health, exploring how biases influence data collection and interpretation and proposing mitigation strategies like Linear Sequential Unmasking-Expanded (LSU-E). We emphasize that mitigating cognitive biases requires structured, external strategies, as self-awareness alone is insufficient. By applying Dror's concepts and framework, we offer a practical approach to reduce biases and improve the fairness and accuracy of forensic mental health assessments.

鉴定和减轻法医心理健康专家偏见的法医学模型。
2020年,认知神经科学家Itiel Dror开发了一个认知框架,以解决法医专家在决策中受认知过程和外部压力影响的偏见。Dror的模型强调了表面上客观的数据,如毒理学或指纹,是如何受到背景、动机和组织因素驱动的偏见的影响的。法医心理健康评估往往比法医物证分析更加主观,特别容易受到这些认知偏见的影响。Dror确定了六个专家谬误,例如认为偏见只会影响不道德或不称职的从业者,并提出了一个金字塔模型,显示偏见如何渗透到专家的决策中。本文将Dror的模型应用于法医心理健康,探索偏见如何影响数据收集和解释,并提出缓解策略,如线性顺序揭开扩展(LSU-E)。我们强调,减轻认知偏见需要结构化的外部策略,因为只有自我意识是不够的。通过应用Dror的概念和框架,我们提供了一种实用的方法来减少偏见,提高法医心理健康评估的公平性和准确性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.00
自引率
29.60%
发文量
92
期刊介绍: The American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (AAPL, pronounced "apple") is an organization of psychiatrists dedicated to excellence in practice, teaching, and research in forensic psychiatry. Founded in 1969, AAPL currently has more than 1,500 members in North America and around the world.
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