Impact of vitamin D and zinc sufficiency on immune responses following COVID-19 vaccinations among healthcare workers.

IF 2.1 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-31 DOI:10.7774/cevr.2025.14.e17

Collins Amadi, Stephenson D Lawson, Johnbosco Chidozie Okafor, Ezra Agbo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Vitamin D and zinc sufficiency are theoretically acclaimed to influence immune-boosting potentials following various immunizations. Herein, we explored the impact of these micronutrients on immune responses following Oxford-AstraZeneca coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination among Nigerians.

Methods: Two hundred healthcare workers (HCs) who presented at the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital were recruited during the first dose and followed up 4 weeks post-first and post-second doses. Data (serum vitamin D/zinc, COVID-19 anti-spike immunoglobulin G [ASIgG]) were determined on the day of the first dose and repeated 4 weeks post-first dose and 4 weeks post-second dose. Vitamin D (VitD) status, assessed using serum 25(OH)D, was categorized as sufficient (≥50 nmol/L) or insufficient/deficient (<50 nmol/L) while zinc status was categorized as sufficient (≥11.3 µmol/L) or insufficient (<11.3 µmol/L). Post-second dose ASIgG titer status was categorized as optimal (>7,352 AU/mL) or sub-optimal (<7,352 AU/mL) as defined by the World Health Organization. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05.

Results: HCs with both VitD and zinc sufficiency (n=97) had higher ASIgG titer levels (4 weeks post-first dose=15,977±367.88 AU/mL; 4 weeks post-second dose=22,603±451.18 AU/mL) after the first and second doses compared to only the VitD sufficient (n=58) cohorts (4 weeks post-first dose=4,680±154.77 AU/mL; 4 weeks post-second dose=7,850±200.60 AU/mL) and the zinc-sufficient (n=63) cohorts (4 weeks post-first dose=5,770±160.41 AU/mL; 4 weeks post-second dose=8,100±206.91 AU/mL) (p<0.05). The VitD and zinc-sufficient HCs were also more likely to achieve optimal ASIgG titer levels (odds ratio, 2.97; 95% confidence interval, 2.11-4.123; p<0.001) 4 weeks post-second dose following adjustment for confounders.

Conclusion: VitD and zinc sufficiency had a positive impact on immune responses following AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination.

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维生素D和锌充足对医护人员接种COVID-19疫苗后免疫反应的影响

维生素D和锌的充足性在理论上被认为可以影响各种免疫接种后的免疫增强潜力。在此，我们探讨了这些微量营养素对尼日利亚人接种牛津-阿斯利康2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗后免疫反应的影响。方法：在第一次给药时招募200名在河流州立大学教学医院就诊的医护人员，并在第一次和第二次给药后随访4周。第一次给药当天测定血清维生素D/锌、COVID-19抗刺突免疫球蛋白G [ASIgG]，并在第一次给药后4周、第二次给药后4周重复测定。使用血清25(OH)D评估维生素D （VitD）状态，分为充足（≥50 nmol/L）、不足/缺乏（7,352 AU/mL）或次优(结果：维生素D和锌均充足的hc （n=97）具有较高的ASIgG滴度水平(首次给药后4周=15,977±367.88 AU/mL；第一次和第二次给药后4周=22,603±451.18 AU/mL，而仅VitD充足（n=58）组(第一次给药后4周=4,680±154.77 AU/mL；第二次给药后4周=7,850±200.60 AU/mL)和锌充足（n=63）组(第一次给药后4周=5,770±160.41 AU/mL；结论：维生素d和锌的充足性对阿斯利康COVID-19疫苗接种后的免疫应答有积极影响。

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来源期刊

Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research IMMUNOLOGY-

CiteScore

3.70

自引率

3.70%

发文量

审稿时长

8 weeks

期刊介绍： Clin Exp Vaccine Res, the official English journal of the Korean Vaccine Society, is an international, peer reviewed, and open-access journal. It covers all areas related to vaccines and vaccination. Clin Exp Vaccine Res publishes editorials, review articles, special articles, original articles, case reports, brief communications, and correspondences covering a wide range of clinical and experimental subjects including vaccines and vaccination for human and animals against infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites and tumor. The scope of the journal is to disseminate information that may contribute to elaborate vaccine development and vaccination strategies targeting infectious diseases and tumors in human and animals. Relevant topics range from experimental approaches to (pre)clinical trials for the vaccine research based on, but not limited to, basic laboratory, translational, and (pre)clinical investigations, epidemiology of infectious diseases and progression of all aspects in the health related issues. It is published printed and open accessed online issues (https://ecevr.org) two times per year in 31 January and 31 July. Clin Exp Vaccine Res is linked to many international databases and is made freely available to institutions and individuals worldwide