Perflutren lipid microspheres for echocardiogram contrast: a clinical case of anaphylaxis not caused by PEG.

Abstract

Background: Perflutren lipid microsphere suspension, sold under the brand name Definity®, is a microbubble ultrasound contrast agent. The microspheres contain octafluoropropane (C₃F₈) gas encapsulated by an outer lipid shell of phospholipids and a polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated phospholipid. Anaphylaxis to perflutren lipid microsphere is very rare, with only one case report clearly attributing the reaction to the PEG excipient. We report a novel case of anaphylaxis likely caused by a non-PEGylated component of Definity®.

Case presentation: Our patient is a healthy 54-year-old female, who underwent an exercise stress transthoracic echocardiogram using Definity® as an enhancing agent. She experienced anaphylaxis within 15 min of injection. Symptoms resolved after she was treated with diphenhydramine and epinephrine, followed by a systemic corticosteroid and ondansetron in the Emergency Department. The patient underwent allergy testing at our clinic for Definity® and various PEG-containing substances. While all PEG products tested negative, she had positive intradermal tests to Definity®. She also had negative skin prick testing to PEG 8000 and passed an oral challenge to PEG 3350, thus ruling out PEG as the causative agent of anaphylaxis.

Conclusions: Our case report highlights a previously undocumented instance of anaphylaxis to Definity® not caused by PEG. We suspect the reaction to be an IgE-mediated response to a non-PEGylated component of Definity®. An alternative explanation for the reaction could be a complement activation-related pseudoallergy. This report provides critical information to physicians on the potential risks of using Definity® and contributes to growing research surrounding the profile of Definity®.