A 101-dB DR 2.2GΩ-Input-Impedance Direct Digitization ExG Front-End With Δ-Modulation.

Yuying Li, Hao Li, Tianxiang Qu, Qi Liu, Zhiliang Hong, Jiawei Xu
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Abstract

Long-term, continuous health monitoring imposes stringent demands on bio-recording analog front-end (AFE) circuits, specifically in terms of dynamic range (DR), noise, input impedance, and power consumption. This work introduces a DR-enhanced direct-digitization AFE based on a Δ-modulated transconductor (TC) stage, followed by a second-order ΔΣ ADC. In this architecture, the accumulated DAC is subtracted exclusively at the TC input stage, allowing the integrators to process only the low-amplitude Δ-modulated signal and thus relaxing the dynamic range constraints of conventional Gm-C ΔΣ ADCs. The TC input stage achieves high input impedance and high linearity through a current-balancing transconductor and a flipped-voltage-follower (FVF) loop. Fabricated with a standard 180nm CMOS process, the proposed Δ-ΔΣ AFE exhibits an SNDR of 91 dB, a dynamic range of 101 dB, input referred noise of 58 nV/√Hz, and a power consumption of 63 μW. These results correspond to a FoMSNDR of 160.1 dB and a FoMDR of 170 dB. The AFE prototype has been validated through scalp EEG, leg EMG, and chest ECG with significant body movements, demonstrating its effectiveness as a motion-artifact-tolerant direct-ADC front end.

101-dB DR 2.2GΩ-Input-Impedance直接数字化ExG前端与Δ-Modulation。
长期、连续的健康监测对生物记录模拟前端(AFE)电路提出了严格的要求,特别是在动态范围(DR)、噪声、输入阻抗和功耗方面。本研究介绍了一种dr增强的直接数字化AFE,该AFE基于Δ-modulated transconductor (TC)级,其次是二阶ΔΣ ADC。在这种架构中,累积的DAC在TC输入阶段被完全减去,允许积分器只处理低幅度Δ-modulated信号,从而放松了传统Gm-C ΔΣ adc的动态范围限制。TC输入级通过一个电流平衡晶体管和一个翻转电压跟随器(FVF)回路实现高输入阻抗和高线性度。该Δ-ΔΣ AFE采用标准的180nm CMOS工艺制作,SNDR为91 dB,动态范围为101 dB,输入参考噪声为58 nV/√Hz,功耗为63 μW。这些结果对应于160.1 dB的FoMSNDR和170 dB的FoMDR。AFE原型已通过具有显著身体运动的头皮脑电图、腿部肌电图和胸部心电图进行验证,证明其作为运动伪影耐受直接adc前端的有效性。
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