Identification of coxsackievirus A24 variant during an acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreak in coastal Kenya, 2024.

Q1 Medicine

Wellcome Open Research Pub Date : 2025-03-31 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.23522.2

Arnold W Lambisia, John Mwita Morobe, Edidah Moraa, Salim Mwarumba, Fredrick K N Korir, Raila Seif Athman, Rebecca Kiptui, Micheal Mbee, Nelly Mugo, Patrick Amoth, Penny Muange, Charlotte J Houldcroft, Edwine Barasa, Joseph Mwangangi, George Githinji, Edward C Holmes, Lynette Isabella Ochola-Oyier, Charles N Agoti

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Abstract

Background: In early 2024, a surge in acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), also referred as "red eye" disease, was observed in coastal Kenya, prompting the Ministry of Health to issue an outbreak alert. Herein, we investigated the etiology of this outbreak.

Methods: Ocular swabs were obtained from 13 individuals presenting with AHC at a Mombasa clinic in early February 2024. Ten of these were analyzed using bacterial cultures, and all 13 using a pan-adenovirus quantitative PCR (qPCR) and metagenomic sequencing. Potential viral etiology was confirmed by a specific qPCR, amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.

Results: Bacterial cultures yielded no growth except in three samples where non-pathogenic bacteria were detected. All 13 samples were adenovirus qPCR negative. Metagenomic sequencing detected coxsackievirus A24 variant (CA24v) in three of the 13 samples. CV-A24v detections were confirmed by both CV-A24v specific qPCR and amplicon sequencing of an approximately 450 nucleotide long VP4/2 junction genomic region. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP4/2 sequences showed that they were closely related to CV-A24v genotype IV.

Conclusion: The AHC epidemic in coastal Kenya in early 2024 was likely caused by CA24v. Metagenomic sequencing is a powerful tool for identifying potential causative agents of new disease outbreaks.

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2024年肯尼亚沿海急性出血性结膜炎暴发期间柯萨奇病毒A24变种的鉴定

背景：2024年初，在肯尼亚沿海地区观察到急性出血性结膜炎（AHC）（也称为“红眼”病）激增，促使卫生部发布疫情警报。在此，我们调查了这次暴发的病因学。方法：于2024年2月初在蒙巴萨一家诊所采集了13例AHC患者的眼拭子。其中10个使用细菌培养进行分析，所有13个使用泛腺病毒定量PCR （qPCR）和宏基因组测序。通过特异性qPCR、扩增子测序和系统发育分析证实了潜在的病毒病因。结果：除检测到非致病菌的三个样品外，细菌培养没有生长。13份样本均为腺病毒qPCR阴性。宏基因组测序在13份样本中的3份中检测到柯萨奇病毒A24变体（CA24v）。通过CV-A24v特异性qPCR和VP4/2连接基因组区约450个核苷酸的扩增子测序证实了CV-A24v的检测。VP4/2序列与CV-A24v基因型密切相关。结论：2024年初肯尼亚沿海地区AHC流行可能是由CA24v引起的。宏基因组测序是鉴定新疾病暴发的潜在病原体的有力工具。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Wellcome Open Research Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)

CiteScore

5.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

426

审稿时长

1 weeks

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