Experimental evaluation of the effects of commercial additive (plant extracts) as an alternative to growth-promoting antibiotics in broiler chickens.

Abstract

Background and aim: The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens necessitates the exploration of alternatives to growth-promoting antibiotics (GPAs) in poultry production. This study evaluated a commercial additive containing plant extracts (carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde) as a potential replacement for GPAs in broiler chickens, focusing on productive parameters, cecal microbiota composition, cecal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, and small intestinal histomorphology.

Materials and methods: The study involved 100 one-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chickens, divided into two treatment groups: Group 1 (control) received a basal diet (BD) with avilamycin (100 g/T), and Group 2 received a BD with a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) containing 10% carvacrol and 10% cinnamaldehyde (100 g/Tn). Over 42 days, the study measured total weight gain (TWG), feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass yield, digestive tract length, intestinal histomorphometry, VFA concentration, and cecal microbiota composition.

Results: The PFA-treated group showed a 1.67% improvement in TWG and a 5.7% improvement in FCR compared to the control. The digestive tract length increased by 20 cm with PFA supplementation. While no significant differences were observed in cecal microbiota counts and VFA concentrations, a trend toward increased lactic acid bacteria and VFA levels was noted. Histomorphological analysis indicated enhanced villus height and a higher villus height-to-crypt depth ratio in the PFA group.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde-based PFAs may serve as viable alternatives to GPAs, promoting growth performance and gut health in broiler chickens. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action and confirm these preliminary results in larger-scale studies.