Brain and cerebrospinal fluid 3D center of mass shift after spaceflight.

IF 4.4 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Katherine G Warthen, Stuart H Sater, Larry A Kramer, Khader M Hasan, Michael A Williams, Millennia Young, Brandon R Macias, Steven S Laurie, Bryn A Martin
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Abstract

A subset of long-duration spaceflight astronauts at the International Space Station has been documented to develop spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS). Researchers have sought to understand SANS by quantification of ocular and brain structural changes thought to be associated with weightlessness induced headward fluid shift. Brain tissue shift and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) redistribution has been observed as measured by MRI on return to Earth, and not fully quantified. To improve the understanding of this phenomenon, we developed and applied automated methods to quantify 3D center of mass shift within the skull of the extra-axial cerebrospinal fluid (eaCSF) and brain after long-duration spaceflight in astronauts (N = 13) and controls not exposed to microgravity (N = 10). 3D center of mass shift of brain tissue and CSF was computed based on registration of an individual skull segmentation at a baseline timepoint versus follow-up. 3D center of mass shift was quantified in the Gx, Gy, and Gz axis defined as -posterior/+anterior, -left/+right, -inferior/+superior, respectively. For astronauts, average MRI follow-up time pre- to post-flight was 697 ± 137 days (average flight duration = 179 ± 59 days with post-flight MRIs collected an average of 2.23 ± 1.64 days after return to Earth). For controls, average MRI follow-up time was 307 ± 19 days. For astronauts, a superior Gz shift in whole brain was present (+ 0.74 ± 0.28 mm, p < 0.0001) with a concomitant inferior Gz shift in eaCSF (-2.45 ± 0.99 mm, p < 0.0001). In the control cohort, brain tissue Gz shift (-0.082 ± 0.048 mm) and eaCSF Gz shift (0.096 ± 0.26 mm) were not statistically significant. Gy shift lacked significance in both controls and astronauts. These findings support that sustained exposure to weightlessness impacts the overall position of fluids and tissues within the skull.

航天飞行后脑和脑脊液三维质心偏移。
据记载,在国际空间站长期飞行的宇航员中,有一部分人患上了与航天有关的神经-眼综合征(SANS)。研究人员试图通过量化被认为与失重引起的前向液体转移相关的眼和脑结构变化来了解SANS。脑组织移位和脑脊液(CSF)再分配在返回地球时通过MRI测量观察到,但没有完全量化。为了提高对这一现象的理解,我们开发并应用了自动化方法来量化长时间太空飞行后宇航员(N = 13)和未暴露于微重力环境的对照组(N = 10)的轴外脑脊液(eaCSF)和大脑颅骨内的3D质心偏移。脑组织和脑脊液的三维质心移位是基于基线时间点与随访时个体颅骨分割的注册计算的。三维质心移位在Gx、Gy和Gz轴上量化,分别定义为-后/+前、-左/+右、-下/+上。对于宇航员,飞行前至飞行后的平均MRI随访时间为697±137天(平均飞行时间为179±59天,飞行后的MRI采集时间为返回地球后的平均2.23±1.64天)。对照组平均MRI随访时间为307±19天。对于宇航员来说,全脑存在明显的Gz移位(+ 0.74±0.28 mm, p
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来源期刊
npj Microgravity
npj Microgravity Physics and Astronomy-Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
7.30
自引率
7.80%
发文量
50
审稿时长
9 weeks
期刊介绍: A new open access, online-only, multidisciplinary research journal, npj Microgravity is dedicated to publishing the most important scientific advances in the life sciences, physical sciences, and engineering fields that are facilitated by spaceflight and analogue platforms.
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