Concentrations and characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols and chlorobenzenes in deep seawater near South China Sea.

IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Yating Shen, Dongyu Lu, Shuai Zhu, Meng Pan, Zhipeng Yang, Mei Chen, Xiaochen Fang
{"title":"Concentrations and characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols and chlorobenzenes in deep seawater near South China Sea.","authors":"Yating Shen, Dongyu Lu, Shuai Zhu, Meng Pan, Zhipeng Yang, Mei Chen, Xiaochen Fang","doi":"10.1002/wer.70073","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other aromatic hydrocarbons are persistent environmental contaminants with diverse origins, posing significant risks to marine ecosystems. This study investigates the concentrations, vertical distribution, and sources of these pollutants in the South China Sea near the Xisha Islands, a region with distinct oceanographic conditions and anthropogenic influences. A total of 23 aromatic hydrocarbon compounds were analyzed, including 17 PAHs, 3 phenols, and 3 chlorobenzenes. Of these, 3 PAHs (fluorene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and dibenz[a,h]anthracene) were below detection limits. Seawater samples collected at four depths (200, 400, 1000, and 1200 m) revealed distinct depth-dependent patterns. Lower-molecular-weight PAHs (2-3 rings) exhibited higher concentrations at shallower depths (200 m and 400 m), likely influenced by atmospheric deposition and surface runoff. High-molecular-weight PAHs (4-6 rings) were found in lower concentrations but persisted at greater depths due to their higher stability and slower degradation rates. Methylated PAHs, such as 2-methylnaphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene, were concentrated at intermediate depths, suggesting ongoing degradation processes and historical inputs. Phenolic and chlorobenzene compounds displayed relatively consistent concentrations across depths, indicating widespread anthropogenic influence. These results highlight the combined impact of natural and anthropogenic sources, including industrial discharges, shipping activities, and atmospheric transport, on the distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons in the South China Sea. The study provides critical baseline data for understanding pollutant behavior in deep-sea environments and emphasizes the importance of targeted monitoring and effective management strategies to mitigate their ecological impacts. PRACTITIONER POINTS: PAHs and methylated PAHs - Concentrations vary with depth, suggesting diverse sources. Shallow waters -High anilines, phenols, and chlorobenzenes indicate recent inputs. Deeper waters - Complex PAHs persist, highlighting long-term ecological risks. Degradation - Methylated PAHs degrade uniquely, affecting health risk assessments. Management - Findings inform effective monitoring and mitigation of marine pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":23621,"journal":{"name":"Water Environment Research","volume":"97 5","pages":"e70073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Water Environment Research","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.70073","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other aromatic hydrocarbons are persistent environmental contaminants with diverse origins, posing significant risks to marine ecosystems. This study investigates the concentrations, vertical distribution, and sources of these pollutants in the South China Sea near the Xisha Islands, a region with distinct oceanographic conditions and anthropogenic influences. A total of 23 aromatic hydrocarbon compounds were analyzed, including 17 PAHs, 3 phenols, and 3 chlorobenzenes. Of these, 3 PAHs (fluorene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and dibenz[a,h]anthracene) were below detection limits. Seawater samples collected at four depths (200, 400, 1000, and 1200 m) revealed distinct depth-dependent patterns. Lower-molecular-weight PAHs (2-3 rings) exhibited higher concentrations at shallower depths (200 m and 400 m), likely influenced by atmospheric deposition and surface runoff. High-molecular-weight PAHs (4-6 rings) were found in lower concentrations but persisted at greater depths due to their higher stability and slower degradation rates. Methylated PAHs, such as 2-methylnaphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene, were concentrated at intermediate depths, suggesting ongoing degradation processes and historical inputs. Phenolic and chlorobenzene compounds displayed relatively consistent concentrations across depths, indicating widespread anthropogenic influence. These results highlight the combined impact of natural and anthropogenic sources, including industrial discharges, shipping activities, and atmospheric transport, on the distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons in the South China Sea. The study provides critical baseline data for understanding pollutant behavior in deep-sea environments and emphasizes the importance of targeted monitoring and effective management strategies to mitigate their ecological impacts. PRACTITIONER POINTS: PAHs and methylated PAHs - Concentrations vary with depth, suggesting diverse sources. Shallow waters -High anilines, phenols, and chlorobenzenes indicate recent inputs. Deeper waters - Complex PAHs persist, highlighting long-term ecological risks. Degradation - Methylated PAHs degrade uniquely, affecting health risk assessments. Management - Findings inform effective monitoring and mitigation of marine pollution.

南海附近深海中多环芳烃(PAHs)、酚类和氯苯的浓度及特征
多环芳烃(PAHs)和其他芳烃是来源多样的持久性环境污染物,对海洋生态系统构成重大威胁。本文研究了中国南海西沙群岛附近具有独特海洋条件和人为影响的区域中这些污染物的浓度、垂直分布和来源。共检测到23种芳香烃,包括17种多环芳烃、3种苯酚和3种氯苯。其中,3种多环芳烃(芴、苯并[k]氟蒽和二苯并[a,h]蒽)低于检出限。在4个深度(200,400,1000和1200 m)采集的海水样本显示出不同的深度依赖模式。较低分子量的多环芳烃(2-3环)在较浅深度(200 m和400 m)表现出较高的浓度,可能受到大气沉积和地表径流的影响。高分子量多环芳烃(4-6环)在较低浓度中被发现,但由于其较高的稳定性和较慢的降解速率,在较深的深度中持续存在。甲基化多环芳烃,如2-甲基萘和1-甲基萘,集中在中等深度,表明持续的降解过程和历史输入。酚类和氯苯类化合物在不同深度显示出相对一致的浓度,表明广泛的人为影响。这些结果强调了自然和人为来源(包括工业排放、航运活动和大气运输)对南海芳烃分布的综合影响。该研究为了解深海环境中的污染物行为提供了关键的基线数据,并强调了有针对性的监测和有效的管理策略对减轻其生态影响的重要性。执业要点:多环芳烃和甲基化多环芳烃-浓度随深度变化,表明来源不同。浅水-高苯胺,酚类和氯苯表明最近的输入。更深的水域——复杂的多环芳烃持续存在,突出了长期的生态风险。降解-甲基化多环芳烃降解独特,影响健康风险评估。管理-调查结果为有效监测和减轻海洋污染提供信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
Water Environment Research
Water Environment Research 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
138
审稿时长
11 months
期刊介绍: Published since 1928, Water Environment Research (WER) is an international multidisciplinary water resource management journal for the dissemination of fundamental and applied research in all scientific and technical areas related to water quality and resource recovery. WER''s goal is to foster communication and interdisciplinary research between water sciences and related fields such as environmental toxicology, agriculture, public and occupational health, microbiology, and ecology. In addition to original research articles, short communications, case studies, reviews, and perspectives are encouraged.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信