{"title":"Melatonin supplementation: new insights into health and disease.","authors":"Tatiana Palotta Minari, Luciana Pellegrini Pisani","doi":"10.1007/s11325-025-03331-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Melatonin supplementation has gained considerable attention for its potential health impacts. This study aimed to review the recent literature on melatonin supplementation and its implications in areas such as obesity, diabetes, gut microbiome, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, sports performance, sleep quality, psychiatric disorders, pediatrics, pregnancy, and respiratory health. Additionally, assess the supplementation protocols, potential adverse effects, associated risks, and symptoms observed during supplementation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An extensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science, CrossRef, and Google Scholar, focusing on publications from 2011 to 2024. A total of 71 articles were collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Recent studies highlight melatonin's promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, particularly in improving sleep quality and addressing specific neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence supports its role in reducing anxiety in preoperative contexts and enhancing recovery under certain conditions in athletes. However, findings on melatonin's role in obesity, glycemic control, and gut microbiome regulation remain inconsistent and influenced by external factors such as diet and exercise. Similarly, evidence supporting its efficacy in cancer, psychiatric disorders, pregnancy, and pediatrics is limited and requires further research. For respiratory health, while melatonin's theoretical benefits include reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, current evidence is weak and largely preclinical. Concerns regarding adverse effects, including nightmares and grogginess, highlight the importance of thorough and careful monitoring. To ensure safety and effectiveness, supplementation protocols should be tailored to meet the unique needs of each individual.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Melatonin supplementation is not a universal solution but a potentially valuable tool in specific contexts. Its benefits are most evident in sleep regulation and certain neurodegenerative conditions. However, significant gaps in research, including inconsistent methodologies, small sample sizes, and limited data on long-term effects, necessitate further robust clinical trials. Individualized recommendations and cautious interpretation of findings are essential, particularly given the variability in outcomes based on study designs and populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":21862,"journal":{"name":"Sleep and Breathing","volume":"29 2","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sleep and Breathing","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-025-03331-1","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Melatonin supplementation has gained considerable attention for its potential health impacts. This study aimed to review the recent literature on melatonin supplementation and its implications in areas such as obesity, diabetes, gut microbiome, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, sports performance, sleep quality, psychiatric disorders, pediatrics, pregnancy, and respiratory health. Additionally, assess the supplementation protocols, potential adverse effects, associated risks, and symptoms observed during supplementation.
Methods: An extensive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scielo, Web of Science, CrossRef, and Google Scholar, focusing on publications from 2011 to 2024. A total of 71 articles were collected and analyzed.
Results: Recent studies highlight melatonin's promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, particularly in improving sleep quality and addressing specific neurodegenerative diseases. Evidence supports its role in reducing anxiety in preoperative contexts and enhancing recovery under certain conditions in athletes. However, findings on melatonin's role in obesity, glycemic control, and gut microbiome regulation remain inconsistent and influenced by external factors such as diet and exercise. Similarly, evidence supporting its efficacy in cancer, psychiatric disorders, pregnancy, and pediatrics is limited and requires further research. For respiratory health, while melatonin's theoretical benefits include reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, current evidence is weak and largely preclinical. Concerns regarding adverse effects, including nightmares and grogginess, highlight the importance of thorough and careful monitoring. To ensure safety and effectiveness, supplementation protocols should be tailored to meet the unique needs of each individual.
Conclusion: Melatonin supplementation is not a universal solution but a potentially valuable tool in specific contexts. Its benefits are most evident in sleep regulation and certain neurodegenerative conditions. However, significant gaps in research, including inconsistent methodologies, small sample sizes, and limited data on long-term effects, necessitate further robust clinical trials. Individualized recommendations and cautious interpretation of findings are essential, particularly given the variability in outcomes based on study designs and populations.
背景：补充褪黑素因其潜在的健康影响而引起了相当大的关注。本研究旨在回顾最近关于褪黑激素补充的文献及其在肥胖、糖尿病、肠道微生物组、神经退行性疾病、癌症、运动表现、睡眠质量、精神障碍、儿科、怀孕和呼吸健康等领域的影响。此外，评估补充方案、潜在不良反应、相关风险和补充期间观察到的症状。方法：在PubMed、Scielo、Web of Science、CrossRef和谷歌Scholar等多个数据库中进行广泛检索，重点检索2011年至2024年的出版物。共收集和分析了71篇文献。结果：最近的研究强调褪黑素具有抗氧化、抗炎和免疫调节的特性，特别是在改善睡眠质量和治疗特定的神经退行性疾病方面。证据支持其在减少术前焦虑和促进运动员在某些条件下的恢复方面的作用。然而，关于褪黑素在肥胖、血糖控制和肠道微生物群调节中的作用的研究结果仍然不一致，并受到饮食和运动等外部因素的影响。同样，支持其对癌症、精神疾病、妊娠和儿科有效的证据有限，需要进一步研究。对于呼吸系统健康，虽然褪黑素理论上的好处包括减少氧化应激和炎症，但目前的证据不足，而且主要是临床前证据。对副作用的担忧，包括噩梦和昏昏沉沉，强调了彻底和仔细监测的重要性。为了确保安全性和有效性，补充方案应量身定制，以满足每个人的独特需求。结论：补充褪黑素不是一种通用的解决方案，但在特定情况下可能是一种有价值的工具。它的好处在睡眠调节和某些神经退行性疾病中最为明显。然而，研究中存在重大差距，包括方法不一致、样本量小、长期影响数据有限，因此需要进一步开展强有力的临床试验。个性化的建议和对研究结果的谨慎解释是必要的，特别是考虑到基于研究设计和人群的结果的可变性。
期刊介绍：
The journal Sleep and Breathing aims to reflect the state of the art in the international science and practice of sleep medicine. The journal is based on the recognition that management of sleep disorders requires a multi-disciplinary approach and diverse perspectives. The initial focus of Sleep and Breathing is on timely and original studies that collect, intervene, or otherwise inform all clinicians and scientists in medicine, dentistry and oral surgery, otolaryngology, and epidemiology on the management of the upper airway during sleep.
Furthermore, Sleep and Breathing endeavors to bring readers cutting edge information about all evolving aspects of common sleep disorders or disruptions, such as insomnia and shift work. The journal includes not only patient studies, but also studies that emphasize the principles of physiology and pathophysiology or illustrate potentially novel approaches to diagnosis and treatment. In addition, the journal features articles that describe patient-oriented and cost-benefit health outcomes research. Thus, with peer review by an international Editorial Board and prompt English-language publication, Sleep and Breathing provides rapid dissemination of clinical and clinically related scientific information. But it also does more: it is dedicated to making the most important developments in sleep disordered breathing easily accessible to clinicians who are treating sleep apnea by presenting well-chosen, well-written, and highly organized information that is useful for patient care.
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