FTIR Markers of Prostate Cancer Tissue and Their Correlation With Medical Parameters of Tumor Aggressiveness

Abstract

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to investigate chemical differences in prostate tissue caused by prostate cancer and to correlate these data with medical. In FTIR spectra of prostate tissues, a higher amount of peaks originating from phospholipids, amide, and lipid vibrations was detected in comparison with FTIR spectra of control prostate tissues. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that it is possible to differentiate two types of tissues using FTIR range corresponding to (i) phospholipids and amides and (ii) lipids. Machine learning methods showed that values of area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, F1, precision, and recall were higher for the fingerprint range than for the second one. However, values of all these parameters in both analyzed ranges were higher than 0.95. Moreover, the proposed FTIR marker of prostate cancer (wavenumber at 1685 cm⁻¹) correlated with bGleason, pGleason, and ISUP, which suggested that FTIR spectroscopy reflected the medical characterization of prostate cancer.