Harnessing Essential Oils for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition: A Literature Review.

Abstract

Aromatherapy, a branch of herbal and alternative medicine, has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological approach to treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its potential to enhance cognitive function. This comprehensive review evaluates the inhibitory effects of various plant essential oils (EOs) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, a key enzyme implicated in the pathophysiology of AD. Our analysis highlights EOs from the Lamiaceae family, particularly rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) and lavender (Lavandula officinalis), which demonstrated the most potent AChE inhibitory effects. Key chemical constituents such as α- and β-pinene, limonene, linalool, 1,8-cineole, caryophyllene, estragole, eugenol, and asarone were identified as the primary active components responsible for these effects. Additionally, we discuss the biochemical mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective properties of these EOs and their potential role in developing effective therapies for AD. Our findings underscore the therapeutic promise of specific EOs and their constituents in managing cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative disorders.