The effects of initiating a 24-hour fast with a low versus a high carbohydrate shake on glycemic control in older adults: a randomized crossover study.

IF 3.9 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Nutrition & Metabolism Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI:10.1186/s12986-025-00920-5

Elizabeth Z Gipson, Landon S Deru, Parker G Graves, Cameron G Jacobsen, Neil E Peterson, Bruce W Bailey

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: This study measured the impact of macronutrient composition of a pre-fast meal on time-to-ketosis and other metabolic indicators of glycemic control during a 24-hr fast within a population of older, sedentary, overweight adults.

Methods: Twenty-four adults who were over the age of 50, sedentary (< 150 min of weekly exercise), and overweight (BMI ≥ 27) participated in a randomized crossover study. Each of these inclusion criteria have been shown to increase the risk for the development of chronic diseases. Participants began each 24-hr fast with either a high carbohydrate/low fat/moderate protein (HC/LF) or an isocaloric low carbohydrate/high fat/moderate protein (LC/HF) shake. Metabolic indicators included subcutaneous glucose readings every 15 min throughout the study, capillary beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). Measurements of these hormones took place at 0, 1, 24, and 48 h, and BHB measurements took place at 0, 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h.

Results: Glucose levels were higher in the HC/LF group 15 min to 2.25 h after fast initiation (p < 0.05 for all). There was a significant condition by time interaction for BHB (F = 3.84, p < 0.01). Nutritional ketosis (BHB ≥ 0.5 mmol/L) was reached on average by 12 h in the LC/HF condition but was not reached at any point during the fast on average in the HC/LF condition. An hour after consuming the LC/HF shake insulin was 41.9% lower (t = 6.13, p < 0.01), glucagon 23.6% higher (t = -4.72, p < 0.01), GLP-1 26.8% higher (t = -5.16, p < 0.01), and GIP 34.4% higher (t = -3.41, p < 0.01) compared to the HC/LF shake.

Conclusion: A low carbohydrate pre-fast meal can reduce time-to-ketosis in older, sedentary, overweight adults. Those looking to improve glycemic control through fasting or time-restricted eating interventions may consider the macronutrient composition of their pre-fast meal to improve its efficacy.

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24小时禁食低碳水化合物奶昔对老年人血糖控制的影响：一项随机交叉研究

目的：本研究测量了24小时禁食期间，禁食前餐的常量营养素组成对酮症时间和血糖控制的其他代谢指标的影响，研究对象是年龄较大、久坐不动、超重的成年人。方法：24名50岁以上、久坐不动的成年人(结果：HC/LF组在快速开始后15分钟至2.25小时血糖水平较高(p)结论：低碳水化合物的快餐前餐可以减少老年人、久坐、超重的成年人进入酮症的时间。那些希望通过禁食或限时饮食干预来改善血糖控制的人可以考虑在他们的快餐前添加大量的营养成分来提高其功效。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nutrition & Metabolism 医学-营养学

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Nutrition & Metabolism publishes studies with a clear focus on nutrition and metabolism with applications ranging from nutrition needs, exercise physiology, clinical and population studies, as well as the underlying mechanisms in these aspects. The areas of interest for Nutrition & Metabolism encompass studies in molecular nutrition in the context of obesity, diabetes, lipedemias, metabolic syndrome and exercise physiology. Manuscripts related to molecular, cellular and human metabolism, nutrient sensing and nutrient–gene interactions are also in interest, as are submissions that have employed new and innovative strategies like metabolomics/lipidomics or other omic-based biomarkers to predict nutritional status and metabolic diseases. Key areas we wish to encourage submissions from include: -how diet and specific nutrients interact with genes, proteins or metabolites to influence metabolic phenotypes and disease outcomes; -the role of epigenetic factors and the microbiome in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and their influence on metabolic responses to diet and food components; -how diet and other environmental factors affect epigenetics and microbiota; the extent to which genetic and nongenetic factors modify personal metabolic responses to diet and food compositions and the mechanisms involved; -how specific biologic networks and nutrient sensing mechanisms attribute to metabolic variability.