Understanding Cognitive Decline in Aging: Mechanisms and Mitigation Strategies - A Narrative Review.

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY

Clinical Interventions in Aging Pub Date : 2025-04-15 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.2147/CIA.S510670

Zbigniew Jost, Sylwester Kujach

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Cognitive decline is a natural process that accompanies aging. In some cases, such as in sarcopenia-burdened or diseased older adults, the disease course may be more rapid. Declining cognitive function is associated with changes in the central nervous system per se or peripheral triggers that impair cognition. This review discusses issues related to central, central-peripheral, and peripheral factors that enhance cognitive deterioration, such as cortical thickness, cerebral white matter structure and function, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, insulin resistance, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction. BBB permeability appears to be a critical point for factors associated with aging that may accelerate cognitive decline. Thus, we provide an in-depth analysis of the central-peripheral crosstalk. Additionally, we discuss high-intensity interval training (HIIT) as a promising strategy to counteract changes that accompany the aging process. Resistance (RHIIT) and aerobic (AHIIT) may be beneficial for cognitive health among the elderly, but their lack of empirical confirmation is a huge gap in the research.

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理解衰老中的认知衰退：机制和缓解策略-一篇叙述性综述。

认知能力下降是伴随衰老的自然过程。在某些情况下，如患有肌肉减少症或患病的老年人，病程可能会更快。认知功能下降与中枢神经系统本身的变化或损害认知的外周触发因素有关。这篇综述讨论了与中枢、中枢-外周和外周因素相关的问题，如皮质厚度、脑白质结构和功能、血脑屏障（BBB）破坏、胰岛素抵抗、炎症和血管功能障碍。血脑屏障的通透性似乎是一个临界点，与衰老相关的因素可能会加速认知能力下降。因此，我们对中央-外围串扰进行了深入的分析。此外，我们讨论了高强度间歇训练（HIIT）作为一种有希望的策略来抵消伴随衰老过程的变化。抗阻（RHIIT）和有氧（AHIIT）可能对老年人的认知健康有益，但缺乏经验证实是研究的巨大空白。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical Interventions in Aging GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY-

CiteScore

6.80

自引率

2.80%

发文量

193

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Clinical Interventions in Aging, is an online, peer reviewed, open access journal focusing on concise rapid reporting of original research and reviews in aging. Special attention will be given to papers reporting on actual or potential clinical applications leading to improved prevention or treatment of disease or a greater understanding of pathological processes that result from maladaptive changes in the body associated with aging. This journal is directed at a wide array of scientists, engineers, pharmacists, pharmacologists and clinical specialists wishing to maintain an up to date knowledge of this exciting and emerging field.