[Profile of sensitization to aeroallergens in patients with allergic rhinitis].

Abstract

Objective: To determine the prevalence and evaluate the distribution of sensitization to aeroallergens in pediatric and adult patients with allergic rhinitis.

Methods: Observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study, carried out from the analysis of clinical records of patients with skin tests, to intentionally identify signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis, as well as aeroallergens to which they reacted positively.

Results: 1531 skin reactivity tests were reviewed, of which 983 corresponded to patients with a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis with a positive test. The prevalence of the disease was 64.2% (n = 983); the pediatric population had a prevalence of 55.8% (n = 549) and the adult population 44.1% (n = 434). The aeroallergens with the higest frequency of sensitization were: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (59.5%), Dermatophagoides farinae (45.3%), cat (26.1%), Cupressus arizonica (21.7%), dog (21.6%) and Fraxinus excelsior ([Ash], 19.6%).

Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of allergic rhinitis in the studied cohort. The house dust mites Dermatophagoides mix (Pteronyssinus and Farinae) were the main allergens. Cosensitization to cat and dog was high. The tree pollen species with the highest impact were: Cupressus arizonica, Fraxinus excelsior and Quercus robur (Roble, Encino, Oak). The grass pollen varieties with the greatest influence: Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda, Capriola) and Lolium Perenne (English grass).