Immune Responses Against SARS-CoV-2 in Previously SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individuals after Receiving a Single Dose of CoronaVac or ChAdOx-1 Vaccine.

IF 2.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Witida Laopajon, Athavudh Deesomchok, Warawut Chaiwong, Nuchjira Takheaw, Supansa Pata, Pilaiporn Duangjit, Juthamas Inchai, Chaicharn Pothirat, Chaiwat Bumroongkit, Theerakorn Theerakittikul, Atikun Limsukon, Pattraporn Tajarernmuang, Nutchanok Niyatiwatchanchai, Konlawij Trongtrakul, Kantinan Chuensirikulchai, Passaworn Cheyasawan, Chalerm Liwsrisakun, Watchara Kasinrerk
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Abstract

Background: Although infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) could induce natural immunity, previously infected individuals were suggested to have additional vaccination to enhance immune responses against the new variants of concern (VOCs). In this study, we determined the effects of a single dose of inactivated vaccine and viral vector-based vaccine on the neutralizing antibody (NAb) and T cell responses against the wild type (WT) and VOCs in the post-infection individuals.

Materials and methods: The levels of NAb and specific T cell responses against the WT and VOCs of the previously infected individuals were determined before and after vaccination with a single dose of CoronaVac (CoVac) or ChAdOx-1 (ChAd) vaccine.

Results: Eighteen subjects, with nine participants in each vaccination group, were recruited in this study. The CoVac group was significantly older (53.3±12.8 vs. 34.4±14.0 years, P=0.009) and had shorter disease-vaccination time (111.0 vs. 186.0 days, P <0.001) than the ChAd group. Before vaccination, both groups had median NAb against WT, Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants, but not Omicron BA.4 and.5 variants, above the detection threshold. After vaccination, the NAbs and the CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses against the tested variants were demonstrated. However, the NAb in the CoVac arm was lower than in the ChAd arm. In contrast, the CoVac vaccine-induced T-cell responses are better than the ChAd vaccine.

Conclusion: In post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, ChAd vaccination induced a better antibody response, but the CoVac vaccine induced greater T-cell responses. Vaccination is valuable in boosting immunity, particularly against some VOCs, in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Trial registration: Clinical Trials Registry: This study was approved by the Clinical Trials Registry TCTR20210822002.

先前感染SARS-CoV-2的个体在接受单剂CoronaVac或ChAdOx-1疫苗后对SARS-CoV-2的免疫反应
背景:虽然感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2 (SARS-CoV-2)可以诱导自然免疫,但建议先前感染的个体额外接种疫苗以增强对新的关注变体(VOCs)的免疫应答。在这项研究中,我们测定了单剂量灭活疫苗和基于病毒载体的疫苗对感染后个体中针对野生型(WT)和VOCs的中和抗体(NAb)和T细胞反应的影响。材料和方法:在接种单剂量CoVac或ChAdOx-1疫苗前后,测定先前感染个体对WT和VOCs的NAb水平和特异性T细胞反应。结果:本研究招募了18名受试者,每个接种组9名参与者。CoVac组患者年龄(53.3±12.8岁vs. 34.4±14.0岁,P=0.009)和疫苗接种时间(111.0天vs. 186.0天)较短,P < 0.05。结论:在sars - cov -2感染后,接种ChAd疫苗可诱导更好的抗体应答,但CoVac疫苗可诱导更强的t细胞应答。疫苗接种在增强先前感染过SARS-CoV-2的个体的免疫力,特别是对某些挥发性有机化合物的免疫力方面很有价值。临床试验注册中心:本研究已获得临床试验注册中心TCTR20210822002的批准。
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来源期刊
Infection and Chemotherapy
Infection and Chemotherapy INFECTIOUS DISEASES-
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
11.90%
发文量
71
审稿时长
22 weeks
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