Validation and Update of the Glaucoma Quality of Life (GQL)-15 Questionnaire for Spanish-Speaking Individuals

Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI:10.1016/j.oftale.2025.05.004

K. Camargo-Parra , F.J. Bonilla-Escobar , E. Lozano-Cruz , O. Salamanca , A. Martínez-Blanco , A.F. Plaza-Hernández

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Abstract

Background and objective

Glaucoma, a leading cause of preventable blindness, significantly impacts patients' quality of life (QoL). The GQL-15 (1999) assesses functional disability due to glaucoma through 15 items across 4 domains. However, it has not been validated in Spanish. This study aimed to validate and update the GQL-15 for Spanish-speaking individuals.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study with individuals diagnosed with glaucoma at 2 ophthalmological referral centers in Cali-Colombia. Researchers translated the GQL-15 into Spanish and modified it by replacing the ‘reading newspaper’ item with ‘reading on a cellphone/mobile/smartphone’ to modernize the questionnaire (GQL-15 m). The GQL-15 m was tested for validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha (α) coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, and criterion validity. Reproducibility was assessed through a 2-week test-retest analysis.

Results

A total of 157 out of 468 eligible patients with glaucoma participated in the survey (33% response rate). The mean age was 67 ± 12 years (64%, women). The GQL-15 m showed a mean total score of 29.3 ± 7.31, suggesting good QoL. Internal consistency was high for both the GQL-15 (α = 0.97) and GQL-15 m (α = 0.96). Criterion validity was supported by significant correlations between the GQL-15 m scores and the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI-VFQ 25), World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQoL-BREF), Glaucoma Symptom Scale (GSS), Glaucoma Utility Index (GUI), and visual acuity. Reproducibility was high, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.89.

Conclusions

The GQL-15 m is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing QoL in Spanish-speaking individuals with glaucoma and has potential for broader application across various cultural contexts.

查看原文本刊更多论文

西班牙语人群青光眼生活质量(GQL)-15问卷的验证与更新。

背景与目的：青光眼是可预防性失明的主要原因，严重影响患者的生活质量（QoL）。GQL-15（1999）通过4个领域的15个项目评估青光眼导致的功能残疾。然而，它还没有在西班牙语中得到验证。本研究旨在验证和更新西班牙语个体的GQL-15。方法：我们对加州-哥伦比亚两家眼科转诊中心诊断为青光眼的患者进行了横断面研究。研究人员将GQL-15翻译成西班牙语，并将“阅读报纸”项目改为“在手机/移动/智能手机上阅读”，以使问卷（GQL-15 m）现代化。采用Cronbach’s alpha （α）系数、探索性因子分析和效度检验gql - 15m的效度和信度。通过2周的复试分析评估再现性。结果：468例符合条件的青光眼患者中有157例参与了调查（33%的有效率）。平均年龄67±12岁（女性占64%）。GQL-15 m平均总分为29.3±7.31分，生活质量较好。GQL-15 （α = 0.97）和GQL-15 m （α = 0.96）的内部一致性较高。gql - 15m评分与美国国家眼科研究所视觉功能问卷-25 （NEI-VFQ 25）、世界卫生组织生活质量量表（WHOQoL-BREF）、青光眼症状量表（GSS）、青光眼效用指数（GUI）和视力之间存在显著相关性，支持了标准的效度。重复性高，类内相关系数（ICC）为0.89。结论：gql - 15m是评估西语青光眼患者生活质量的可靠和有效的工具，在不同文化背景下具有更广泛的应用潜力。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia

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