A Single-Field Finite Difference Time-Domain Method Verified Using a Novel Antenna Design with an Artificial Magnetic Conductor Enhanced Structure.

IF 3 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Micromachines Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI:10.3390/mi16040489

Yongjun Qi, Weibo Liang, Yilan Hu, Liang Zhang, Cheng You, Yuxiang Zhang, Tianrun Yan, Hongxing Zheng

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The Finite Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method is a powerful tool for electromagnetic field analysis. In this work, we develop a variation of the algorithm to accurately calculate antenna, microwave circuit, and target scattering problems. To improve efficiency, a single-field (SF) FDTD method is proposed as a numerical solution to the time-domain Helmholtz equations. New formulas incorporating resistors and voltage sources are derived for the SF-FDTD algorithm, including hybrid implicit-explicit and weakly conditionally stable SF-FDTD methods. The correctness of these formulas is verified through numerical simulations of a newly designed dual-band wearable antenna with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure. A novel antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide with a compact size of 15.6 × 20 mm² has been obtained after being optimized through an artificial intelligent method. A double-layer, dual-frequency AMC structure is designed to improve the isolation between the antenna and the human body. The simulation and experiment results with different bending degrees show that the antenna with the AMC structure can cover two frequency bands, 2.4 GHz-2.48 GHz and 5.725 GHz-5.875 GHz. The gain at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz reaches 5.3 dBi and 8.9 dBi, respectively. The specific absorption rate has been reduced to the international standard range. In particular, this proposed SF-FDTD method can be extended to analyze other electromagnetic problems with fine details in one or two directions.

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一种新型人工磁导体增强天线设计验证了单场时域有限差分方法。

时域有限差分法（FDTD）是电磁场分析的有力工具。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种算法的变体来精确计算天线，微波电路和目标散射问题。为了提高求解效率，提出了时域亥姆霍兹方程的单场时域有限差分法。推导了包含电阻和电压源的SF-FDTD算法的新公式，包括隐式-显式混合方法和弱条件稳定的SF-FDTD方法。通过对新设计的带人工磁导体（AMC）结构的双频可穿戴天线进行数值仿真，验证了上述公式的正确性。采用人工智能优化方法，得到了一种新型共面波导馈电天线，尺寸为15.6 × 20 mm2。为了提高天线与人体的隔离性，设计了双层双频AMC结构。不同弯曲度的仿真和实验结果表明，采用AMC结构的天线可以覆盖2.4 GHz-2.48 GHz和5.725 GHz-5.875 GHz两个频段。2.45 GHz和5.8 GHz的增益分别达到5.3 dBi和8.9 dBi。比吸收率已降至国际标准范围。特别地，本文提出的SF-FDTD方法可以扩展到其他电磁问题的一个或两个方向的精细细节分析。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Micromachines NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY-INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION

CiteScore

5.20

自引率

14.70%

发文量

1862

审稿时长

16.31 days

期刊介绍： Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal which provides an advanced forum for studies related to micro-scaled machines and micromachinery. It publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.