[A growing patient group and a shared responsibility. Healthcare providers must have knowledge about adolescents and young adults].

Abstract

Adolescents and young adults represent a growing patient group in various clinical settings. To effectively address their needs, healthcare providers must have knowledge about the unique developmental aspects of this age group, which includes physical, psychological, social, and sexual maturation. Young people, defined as ages 10 to 24, experience critical changes in identity formation, autonomy, and social relationships, all of which influence diverse parameters such as health behaviours, pain perception, and treatment outcomes. Developmental milestones are divided into early, middle, and late adolescence/young adulthood, each with its specific characteristics regarding bodily changes, identity exploration, and increased independence. The structural and functional maturation of the brain continues into the mid-20s, affecting decision-making and risk perception. Health behaviours in youth are important predictors of long-term well-being, while chronic illness during this period can complicate the biopsychosocial development process. The concept of adolescent-friendly health care emphasizes a tailored approach, including appropriate communication, respect for confidentiality, and support for decision-making autonomy. As health care systems strive to improve care for young people, there is a need for integrated, youth-centered services that account for both medical and psychosocial factors. This approach has been shown to enhance patient satisfaction and improve long-term health outcomes for young patients.