{"title":"Antifungal effect of soil <i>Bacillus</i> bacteria on pathogenic species of the fungal genera <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Trichophyton</i>.","authors":"Mahnour Alsadat Taghavi, Maryam Ahmadi, Davoud Dehghan-Nayeri, Zahra Salehi, Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi, Fatemehsadat Jamzivar, Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18397","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The increasing prevalence of fungal infections due to antifungal resistance underscores the need for novel treatment strategies. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of soil-originated antagonistic bacteria against <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Trichophyton</i> species.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty soil samples collected from Isfahan and Khuzestan provinces by using the Zig-Zag method were cultured on glucose-yeast extract (GY) agar around fungal colonies to isolate antagonistic bacteria. Antifungal activity was assessed by measuring clear zones around the colonies of <i>A. niger, A. fumigatus, T. rubrum,</i> and <i>T. mentagrophytes</i> by co-culture linear method. Potent antagonistic bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, and evaluated for antifungal activity using disk diffusion assays compared with amphotericin B and ketoconazole.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 50 samples, fifteen showed antifungal effects, yielding 55 bacterial strains. Four isolates with strong antifungal activity against all tested fungi were identified as <i>Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. axarquiensis,</i> and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. These bacteria were distributed in distinct clusters phylogenitically and showed diverse antifungal activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results suggest the potential of soil-derived <i>Bacillus</i> species as promising antifungal agents. Further studies are recommended to identify their inhibitory metabolites, their ability as biocontrol agents against soil habitated fungi and to explore their mechanism of action and spectrum of activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 2","pages":"303-311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053424/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18397","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Background and objectives: The increasing prevalence of fungal infections due to antifungal resistance underscores the need for novel treatment strategies. The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of soil-originated antagonistic bacteria against Aspergillus and Trichophyton species.
Materials and methods: Fifty soil samples collected from Isfahan and Khuzestan provinces by using the Zig-Zag method were cultured on glucose-yeast extract (GY) agar around fungal colonies to isolate antagonistic bacteria. Antifungal activity was assessed by measuring clear zones around the colonies of A. niger, A. fumigatus, T. rubrum, and T. mentagrophytes by co-culture linear method. Potent antagonistic bacteria were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, and evaluated for antifungal activity using disk diffusion assays compared with amphotericin B and ketoconazole.
Results: Among 50 samples, fifteen showed antifungal effects, yielding 55 bacterial strains. Four isolates with strong antifungal activity against all tested fungi were identified as Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, B. axarquiensis, and Bacillus sp. These bacteria were distributed in distinct clusters phylogenitically and showed diverse antifungal activity.
Conclusion: The results suggest the potential of soil-derived Bacillus species as promising antifungal agents. Further studies are recommended to identify their inhibitory metabolites, their ability as biocontrol agents against soil habitated fungi and to explore their mechanism of action and spectrum of activity.
期刊介绍：
The Iranian Journal of Microbiology (IJM) is an international, multi-disciplinary, peer-reviewed journal that provides rapid publication of the most advanced scientific research in the areas of basic and applied research on bacteria and other micro-organisms, including bacteria, viruses, yeasts, fungi, microalgae, and protozoa concerning the development of tools for diagnosis and disease control, epidemiology, antimicrobial agents, clinical microbiology, immunology, Genetics, Genomics and Molecular Biology. Contributions may be in the form of original research papers, review articles, short communications, case reports, technical reports, and letters to the Editor. Research findings must be novel and the original data must be available for review by the Editors, if necessary. Studies that are preliminary, of weak originality or merely descriptive as well as negative results are not appropriate for the journal. Papers considered for publication must be unpublished work (except in an abstract form) that is not under consideration for publication anywhere else, and all co-authors should have agreed to the submission. Manuscripts should be written in English.
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