The Incidence of Sports-Related Concussion in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

IF 5.9 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Sports Medicine - Open Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI:10.1186/s40798-025-00834-9

Veronica Ingram, Megan Fielding, Laura A M Dunne, Stefan Piantella, Jonathon Weakley, Rich D Johnston, Thomas B McGuckian

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Abstract

Background: Sport-related concussions (SRC) are a concern for young athletes due to the potential for long-term health problems. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature exploring SRC incidence in youth sports to understand the associated risks.

Methods: Medline, Embase, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were searched without language restrictions up to September 2024. Studies were included if they (i) reported data for calculation of SRC incidence, (ii) were a prospective cohort study, and (iii) included a sample aged ≤ 18 years. Studies that reported Athlete Exposure (AE) or Player Hours (PH) as SRC incidence data measures were included in a multi-level random-effects meta-analysis. Additional analysis explored SRC incidence based on age, sex, country, year of data collection, setting, and level of contact.

Results: Of the 6474 studies reviewed for eligibility, 116 studies were accepted for a systematic review and 99 in the meta-analysis. A total of 3,025,911 participants were included in the review (59% male, 41% female); however, 41% of studies did not report sample size. The pooled incidence rate of SRC per 1000 AE was found to be 1.41 across 21 sports, and 4.36 per 1000 PH across 7 sports. The highest incidence per 1000 AE were in taekwondo, rugby union, and ice hockey, and the highest incidence per 1000 PH were in rugby 7s, rugby league, and rugby union.

Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis can serve as an updated baseline for risk of concussion among youth athletes across various sports.

Trial registration: This systematic review was registered on OSF Registries ( https://osf.io/v298s ).

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儿童和青少年运动相关脑震荡的发生率：系统回顾和荟萃分析。

背景：运动相关脑震荡（SRC）是年轻运动员关注的一个问题，因为它可能导致长期的健康问题。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在全面概述探讨青少年体育运动中SRC发病率的文献，以了解相关风险。方法：检索截至2024年9月的Medline、Embase、SPORTDiscus、PsycINFO和Web of Science数据库，无语言限制。如果研究(i)报告了用于计算SRC发病率的数据，（ii）是前瞻性队列研究，（iii）包括年龄≤18岁的样本，则纳入研究。将运动员暴露（AE）或球员时间（PH）作为SRC发病率数据测量的研究纳入了一项多层次随机效应荟萃分析。进一步的分析探讨了基于年龄、性别、国家、数据收集年份、环境和接触水平的SRC发病率。结果：在6474项研究中，116项研究被纳入系统评价，99项纳入荟萃分析。共纳入3025911名受试者（59%男性，41%女性）；然而，41%的研究没有报告样本量。21项运动中SRC / 1000 AE的总发病率为1.41,7项运动中SRC / 1000 PH的总发病率为4.36。每1000次AE的发病率最高的是跆拳道、橄榄球联盟和冰球，每1000次PH的发病率最高的是橄榄球7s、橄榄球联盟和橄榄球联盟。结论：本系统综述和荟萃分析可作为各种运动中青少年运动员脑震荡风险的最新基线。试验注册：本系统评价已在OSF登记处注册（https://osf.io/v298s）。

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