Other clinical uses for apomorphine: Sedation and sleep disorders, withdrawal of oral dopaminergic medication, palliative care, restless legs syndrome, traumatic brain injury, sexual dysfunction.

Abstract

Apomorphine is now recognised as the oldest antiparkinsonian drug on the market. Though still underused, it is increasingly prescribed for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) with motor fluctuations in Europe, Asia and more recently on the other three continents. In light of its most recent uses and newest challenges, this paper focuses on a number of indications in Parkinson's disease and beyond, which are currently under development or which would benefit from development, given the generally high levels of evidence: sedation and sleep disorders, withdrawal of oral dopaminergic medication, palliative care, restless legs syndrome, traumatic brain injury and sexual dysfunction.