The occurrence and human health risk assessment of aflatoxin M₁ in ice cream collected from Iranian market.

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q2 MYCOLOGY

Mycotoxin Research Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI:10.1007/s12550-025-00591-4

Firouzeh Nazari, Fariba Ebrahimi, Alireza Nezami, Elahe Alavi Razavi, Maryam Kakanj, Adel Mirza Alizadeh, Mir-Jamal Hosseini

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁), a mono hydroxylated derivative of aflatoxin B₁, can be found in milk and a variety of dairy products. This present study aims to evaluate a selective, accurate, and sensitive method for the determination of AFM₁ in ice cream using immunoaffinity column clean-up followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence detector and to evaluate the health risk of AFM₁ in Iran and to determine the effects of different limit levels on the risk control of AFM₁ in ice cream. The HPLC-validated method used for determining of AFM₁ in 128 ice cream samples. AFM₁ was found in 45 samples (35%) with a mean of 20.73 ± 46.58 ng/kg in the range of 2-350 ng/kg. AFM₁ concentration in 12 samples (9.4%) was higher than the maximum permissible level (MPL) set by the European Community and Codex Alimentarius Commission (50 ng/kg), and the level of AFM₁ in 4.7% of the samples was higher than the MPL established in Iran for AFM₁ (100 ng/kg). In addition, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the exposure assessment of AFM₁ by consumption of ice cream by Iranian consumers. The MCS approach revealed that both adults and children have a lower risk of liver cancer due to AFM₁ exposure, but children are more exposed to AFM₁ compared to adults.

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伊朗市场冰淇淋中黄曲霉毒素M1的发生及人体健康风险评价。

黄曲霉毒素M1 （AFM1）是黄曲霉毒素B1的单羟基化衍生物，可以在牛奶和各种乳制品中找到。本研究旨在评价一种选择性、准确性和灵敏度高的冰激凌中AFM1的检测方法——免疫亲和柱净化-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法，评估伊朗境内AFM1的健康风险，并确定不同限量水平对冰激凌中AFM1风险控制的影响。采用高效液相色谱法测定了128份冰淇淋样品中AFM1的含量。在45个样本中（35%）检测到AFM1，在2-350 ng/kg范围内，平均值为20.73±46.58 ng/kg。12份样品（9.4%）的AFM1浓度高于欧共体和食品法典委员会规定的最大允许限量（MPL）（50 ng/kg）， 4.7%的样品AFM1浓度高于伊朗规定的AFM1最高允许限量（100 ng/kg）。此外，据我们所知，这是第一份关于伊朗消费者通过食用冰淇淋对AFM1进行暴露评估的报告。MCS方法显示，由于AFM1暴露，成人和儿童患肝癌的风险都较低，但与成人相比，儿童暴露于AFM1的风险更高。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Mycotoxin Research MYCOLOGYTOXICOLOGY-TOXICOLOGY

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

6.70%

发文量

期刊介绍： Mycotoxin Research, the official publication of the Society for Mycotoxin Research, is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal dealing with all aspects related to toxic fungal metabolites. The journal publishes original research articles and reviews in all areas dealing with mycotoxins. As an interdisciplinary platform, Mycotoxin Research welcomes submission of scientific contributions in the following research fields: - Ecology and genetics of mycotoxin formation - Mode of action of mycotoxins, metabolism and toxicology - Agricultural production and mycotoxins - Human and animal health aspects, including exposure studies and risk assessment - Food and feed safety, including occurrence, prevention, regulatory aspects, and control of mycotoxins - Environmental safety and technology-related aspects of mycotoxins - Chemistry, synthesis and analysis.