Impact of COVID-19 and Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Common Respiratory Viruses in Children: A 5-Year Study in Hangzhou, China.

IF 3.2 4区医学 Q3 VIROLOGY

Intervirology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-28 DOI:10.1159/000546151

Jianming Zhou, Yanhong Sun, Hao Shen, Liuqiao Yang, Qing Ye, Hongmei Zhu, Zhiwen Zhu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Nonpharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) not only curbed the spread of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) but also affected common respiratory viruses infected by children.

Methods: Samples of children diagnosed with respiratory tract infection in Children's Hospital affiliated with Zhejiang University from January 2019 to December 2023 were collected, and ADV, Flu A, Flu B, and RSV were detected. Statistical analysis was carried out with R software.

Results: From January 2019 to December 2023, a total of 684,413 samples were tested, including 369,620 males, accounting for 54.01%, and 314,793 females, accounting for 45.99%. Among them, there were 213,443 positive samples (31.19%), of which 40,484 ADV-positive samples (18.97%), 106,423 Flu A-positive samples (49.86%), 32,379 Flu B-positive samples (15.17%), 30,776 RSV-positive samples (14.42%), and 3,381 mixed infection samples (1.58%). Among children of different ages in Hangzhou before, during and after COVID-19, the highest total detection rate of respiratory virus was 4-6 years old (accounting for 36.69%), followed by >7 years old (accounting for 35.10%). The distribution in different seasons shows that the number of children infected with respiratory viruses reaches a peak in winter and spring. Compared with 2019 (33.20%) before the COVID-19 epidemic, the total detection rate of common respiratory viruses in children was lower during the COVID-19 pandemic (24.54% in 2020-2022), and it was increased in 2023 after NPIs were cancelled (accounting for 35.20%).

Conclusion: NPI measures can effectively reduce the spread of common respiratory viruses, Lifting of NPIs can lead children to an increase viral infection rate, particularly in Flu A.

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COVID-19和非药物干预对儿童常见呼吸道病毒的影响：中国杭州的一项为期五年的研究

背景：针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）的非药物干预措施（NPIs）不仅可以抑制新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）的传播，还可以影响儿童感染的常见呼吸道病毒。方法：收集2019年1月至2023年12月浙江大学附属儿童医院诊断为呼吸道感染的患儿样本，检测ADV、A型流感、B型流感和RSV。采用R软件进行统计分析。结果：2019年1月至2023年12月，共检测样本684413份，其中男性369620份，占54.01%，女性314793份，占45.99%。其中，adva阳性样本40484份（18.97%），流感a阳性样本106423份（49.86%），流感b阳性样本32379份（15.17%），rsv阳性样本30776份（14.42%），混合感染样本3381份（1.58%）。杭州市不同年龄段儿童中，4 ~ 6岁呼吸道病毒总检出率最高（占36.69%），7 ~ 7岁次之（占35.10%）。不同季节的分布情况表明，儿童呼吸道病毒感染人数在冬季和春季达到高峰。与疫情前的2019年（33.20%）相比，疫情期间儿童常见呼吸道病毒总检出率较低（2020-2022年为24.54%），2023年npi取消后儿童常见呼吸道病毒总检出率有所上升（占35.20%）。结论：NPI措施可有效减少常见呼吸道病毒的传播，解除NPI可导致儿童病毒感染率上升，尤其是甲型流感。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Intervirology 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： ''Intervirology'' covers progress in both basic and clinical virus research, and aims to provide a forum for the various disciplines within virology. Issues publishing original papers alternate with thematic issues, focusing on clearly defined topics. This thematic concentration serves to make timely reviews, research reports and controversy easily accessible to both specialists in the field and those who want to keep track of the latest developments outside their own area of interest. In addition to original papers, regular issues publish short communications and letters to the editor to provide readers with a forum for the exchange of ideas and comments. The scope encompasses work on the molecular biology of human and animal viruses, including genome organization and regulation, and the structure and function of viral proteins. The pathogenesis, immunology, diagnosis, epidemiology, prophylaxis and therapy of viral diseases are considered.