Salivary biomarker profile in rheumatoid arthritis and its interlinkage in oral manifestations: A comprehensive review.

Abstract

This study, a collaborative effort that delves into the interlinkage of salivary biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), combines literature review with STRING and Cytoscape data. The discovery of elevated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17 in saliva, and their link to joint and oral tissue damage in RA, is a significant finding. These biomarkers are crucial in understanding RA's inflammatory and destructive processes and oral manifestations. The analysis revealed significant interactions among biomarkers, with IL1B demonstrating strong coexpression with MMP1 and TIMP1, while MMP1 and TIMP1 showed a robust relationship. Cytoscape data further highlighted vital interactions, such as the solid functional relationship between IL2RB and IL2RG and the central role of MMP1 in matrix remodelling. The integration of these data, a result of our collective efforts, provides profound insights into the pathogenesis of RA and its impact on oral health, supporting the development of targeted diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.