Microencapsulation of Abalone Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus cystidiosus (Agaricomycetes): Antidiabetic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model.

Abstract

Pleurotus cystidiosus (abalone oyster mushroom) is an edible species that belongs to the group of woody mushrooms from the Pleurotaceae family. This mushroom contains bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, rutin, quercetin, and triterpenoids that act as antidiabetics and anti-inflammatory agents. Research on using P. cystidiosus mushrooms cultivated in Cianjur, West Java, is rare. These mushrooms are only used as daily food; besides that, their activity as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory has never been reported or investigated. This research aimed to determine and examine the potential of P. cystidiosus mushroom micro encapsulant as an antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agent. The research method was an experiment using 30 male white rats of Rattus norvegicus with 200 g body weight (BW) that induced streptozotocin (STZ) dose of 45 mg/kg BW, and divided into 6 groups: HGCt (healthy control, no treatment), NGCt (negative control, induced STZ only), PGCt (given metformin 45 mg/kg BW), TGM1 (given microencapsulant 150 mg/kg BW), TGM2 (given microencapsulant 200 mg/kg BW), TGM3 (given microencapsulant 250 mg/kg BW) for 15 d. The research approach was post-test-only with the control group and complete randomized design (CRD). The results showed that P. cystidiosus microencapsulant contained polyphenols (3.61 mg), flavonoids (2.21 mg), alkaloids (5.51 mg), amino acids (3.67), and triglycerides (3.78 mg). Microencapsulant administration was also able to reduce blood glucose levels by > 50%, increase insulin hormone by > 25%, increase GLP-1 hormone levels by > 60%, reduce DPP-4 enzyme levels by > 18%, also reduce inflammatory mediators TNF-α > 22% and IL-1β > 56%. Based on these results, P. cystidiosus microencapsulation has the potential to be developed as an anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory nutraceutical.