{"title":"Effects of virtual reality on psychological distress in individuals with spinal cord injury: A systematic review.","authors":"Anas R Alashram","doi":"10.1080/10790268.2025.2488567","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Psychological distress is common among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative technology used in treating patients with neurological disorders.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review aims to explore the effects of VR on psychological distress in individuals with SCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in \"PubMed, PEDro, REHABDATA, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science\" databases from inception to November 1, 2024. Studies included individuals with SCI with various levels or completeness of injury, administrated VR intervention independently or in combination with other treatments, compared with passive, active, or no control interventions, and evaluated psychological distress were included. The \"Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro)\" scale was used to assess the risk of bias in eligible studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight out of 405 studies were included in this systematic review. A total of 159 individuals with SCI (male 67%, mean age 49.6 years) were included in this systematic review. The results were synthesized using a a descriptive analysis. The included studies showed that administrating multiple sessions of VR independently or in combination with cognitive training or conventional physiotherapy reduces depression, anxiety, and stress in individuals with SCI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VR has potential immediate benefits on psychological distress in individuals with SCI. SCI individuals with various severity, level, and duration of injury might benefit from the intervention. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Further studies are strongly recommended to understand the long-term effects of VR, determine the most effective treatment protocol, and identify which SCI populations are more likely to benefit from the intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":50044,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10790268.2025.2488567","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CLINICAL NEUROLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Context: Psychological distress is common among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative technology used in treating patients with neurological disorders.
Objectives: This systematic review aims to explore the effects of VR on psychological distress in individuals with SCI.
Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in "PubMed, PEDro, REHABDATA, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science" databases from inception to November 1, 2024. Studies included individuals with SCI with various levels or completeness of injury, administrated VR intervention independently or in combination with other treatments, compared with passive, active, or no control interventions, and evaluated psychological distress were included. The "Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro)" scale was used to assess the risk of bias in eligible studies.
Results: Eight out of 405 studies were included in this systematic review. A total of 159 individuals with SCI (male 67%, mean age 49.6 years) were included in this systematic review. The results were synthesized using a a descriptive analysis. The included studies showed that administrating multiple sessions of VR independently or in combination with cognitive training or conventional physiotherapy reduces depression, anxiety, and stress in individuals with SCI.
Conclusions: VR has potential immediate benefits on psychological distress in individuals with SCI. SCI individuals with various severity, level, and duration of injury might benefit from the intervention. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Further studies are strongly recommended to understand the long-term effects of VR, determine the most effective treatment protocol, and identify which SCI populations are more likely to benefit from the intervention.
背景：心理困扰在脊髓损伤（SCI）患者中很常见。虚拟现实（VR）是一种用于治疗神经系统疾病患者的创新技术。目的：本系统综述旨在探讨VR对脊髓损伤患者心理困扰的影响。方法：全面检索PubMed、PEDro、REHABDATA、MEDLINE、SCOPUS、EMBASE、CINAHL、Web of Science等数据库，检索时间自成立至2024年11月1日。研究纳入了不同程度或损伤完整性的SCI患者，与被动、主动或无对照干预相比，单独或联合进行VR干预，并评估了心理困扰。“物理治疗证据数据库（PEDro）”量表用于评估符合条件的研究的偏倚风险。结果：405项研究中有8项纳入本系统综述。本系统综述共纳入159例SCI患者（男性67%，平均年龄49.6岁）。采用描述性分析对结果进行了综合。纳入的研究表明，单独进行多次VR治疗或与认知训练或常规物理治疗相结合，可减少脊髓损伤患者的抑郁、焦虑和压力。结论：VR对脊髓损伤患者的心理困扰有潜在的直接益处。不同严重程度、程度和损伤持续时间的脊髓损伤个体可能从干预中受益。然而，这些发现应该谨慎解读。强烈建议进行进一步的研究，以了解VR的长期影响，确定最有效的治疗方案，并确定哪些SCI人群更有可能从干预中受益。
期刊介绍：
For more than three decades, The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine has reflected the evolution of the field of spinal cord medicine. From its inception as a newsletter for physicians striving to provide the best of care, JSCM has matured into an international journal that serves professionals from all disciplines—medicine, nursing, therapy, engineering, psychology and social work.
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