Investigation of post-vaccinal canine distemper involving the Rockborn-like strain in nine puppies in New Zealand.

IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES
New Zealand veterinary journal Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-09 DOI:10.1080/00480169.2025.2481896
E Gulliver, H Taylor, M Eames, A Chernyavtseva, R Jauregui, A Wilson, M Bestbier, J O'Connell, K Buckle, F Castillo-Alcala
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Case history: This report details investigations into nine cases of neurological disease and/or sudden death in 8-13-week-old puppies between 2021 and 2024. Aside from two pairs of littermates, cases were unrelated. The puppies had an onset of clinical signs 9-23 days following at least one "on-label" dose of a commercially available quadrivalent vaccine containing live attenuated canine distemper virus (CDV).

Clinical findings: Eight of the nine cases displayed signs typical of "classic distemper," including seizures, circling, tremors, hypersalivation, progressive neurological deficits, pyrexia, and/or respiratory and gastrointestinal signs. Pathological and molecular investigations were undertaken in eight cases. Mononuclear/lymphohistiocytic encephalitis or meningoencephalitis with or without neuronal intranuclear inclusion bodies was present in seven cases. Five cases had bronchopneumonia. Other lesions included poliomyelitis, necrotising enteritis and myocardial necrosis or myocarditis. PCR for CDV was positive on tissues from seven cases, and immunohistochemistry for CDV was positive on neural tissues in six cases. Whole genome sequencing of PCR amplicons demonstrated a Rockborn-like strain with 99.9% homogeneity between samples from four cases and a vial of vaccine.

Diagnosis: Based on the combination of case history, pathological findings, molecular test results and/or whole genome sequencing, a diagnosis of post-vaccinal canine distemper was confirmed in six cases and presumed in two.

Clinical relevance: Outbreaks of canine distemper have been stemmed by widespread vaccination starting in the mid-twentieth century. Consequently, confirmed cases of natural CDV have not been reported in New Zealand since an outbreak in the 1980s, and CDV is considered a "notifiable organism" as per the Biosecurity Act 1993. This is the first case series to report genomic investigation of post-vaccinal canine distemper in New Zealand puppies and highlights a rare adverse event associated with routine vaccination. Our results suggest that puppies with neurological, respiratory and/or gastrointestinal disease with an onset within 6 weeks of vaccination with live attenuated CDV should be reported and investigated accordingly.

新西兰9只幼犬接种疫苗后犬瘟热的调查,涉及洛克波恩样菌株。
病例史:本报告详细调查了2021年至2024年间8-13周龄幼犬的9例神经系统疾病和/或猝死病例。除了两对幼崽外,其他病例都不相关。幼犬在至少一次“标签上”剂量的市售含有减毒犬瘟热病毒(CDV)的四价疫苗后9-23天出现临床症状。临床表现:9例中有8例表现出典型的“经典犬瘟热”症状,包括癫痫发作、打转、震颤、唾液分泌过多、进行性神经功能缺损、发热和/或呼吸和胃肠道症状。对8例进行了病理和分子检查。单核/淋巴组织细胞性脑炎或脑膜炎伴或不伴神经元核内包涵体7例。支气管肺炎5例。其他病变包括脊髓灰质炎、坏死性肠炎和心肌坏死或心肌炎。7例组织CDV PCR检测阳性,6例神经组织CDV免疫组化检测阳性。PCR扩增子的全基因组测序显示,来自4例病例和一瓶疫苗的样品具有99.9%的同源性。诊断:结合病例史、病理表现、分子检测结果和/或全基因组测序,6例确诊为疫苗后犬瘟热,2例推定为疫苗后犬瘟热。临床相关性:犬瘟热的爆发已被广泛的疫苗接种在二十世纪中期开始。因此,自20世纪80年代爆发以来,新西兰没有报告自然CDV的确诊病例,根据1993年《生物安全法》,CDV被认为是一种“应报告的有机体”。这是新西兰幼犬接种疫苗后犬瘟热基因组调查报告的第一个病例系列,并强调了与常规疫苗接种相关的罕见不良事件。我们的研究结果表明,在接种减毒CDV疫苗后6周内出现神经系统、呼吸道和/或胃肠道疾病的幼犬应该报告并进行相应的调查。
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来源期刊
New Zealand veterinary journal
New Zealand veterinary journal 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
37
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: The New Zealand Veterinary Journal (NZVJ) is an international journal publishing high quality peer-reviewed articles covering all aspects of veterinary science, including clinical practice, animal welfare and animal health. The NZVJ publishes original research findings, clinical communications (including novel case reports and case series), rapid communications, correspondence and review articles, originating from New Zealand and internationally. Topics should be relevant to, but not limited to, New Zealand veterinary and animal science communities, and include the disciplines of infectious disease, medicine, surgery and the health, management and welfare of production and companion animals, horses and New Zealand wildlife. All submissions are expected to meet the highest ethical and welfare standards, as detailed in the Journal’s instructions for authors.
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