Functional Foods in Gastrointestinal Health: The Role of Moringa, Artichoke, and Welsh Onion in Managing Diarrhea.

Abstract

Background and aim: Diarrhea is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder with significant global health implications, often associated with disruptions in intestinal motility, barrier function, and fluid homeostasis. This study investigates the anti-diarrheal potential of three medicinal plants: Moringa oleifera, Cynara scolymus (artichoke), and Allium fistulosum (Welsh onion) sourced from organic farms in Tunisia, ensuring high-quality, pesticide-free material for experimental investigation in a rat model of castor oil-induced diarrhea.

Methods: The plants were evaluated for their dietary fiber, mineral, and fatty acid composition to elucidate their biochemical properties. Wistar rats were treated with plant-based formulations before exposure to castor oil. Diarrhea severity, stool frequency, and intestinal motility were assessed. Biochemical analyses included oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines, while histological examinations were performed to assess gut integrity.

Results: All three plants demonstrated significant anti-diarrheal effects, with reductions in stool frequency, improved stool consistency, and modulation of gut motility. Biochemical analyses revealed enhanced antioxidant activity and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, correlating with improved gut epithelial integrity. Moringa oleifera was particularly rich in potassium and magnesium, which are essential for fluid balance, while Cynara scolymus exhibited potent polyphenolic activity. Allium fistulosum provided a unique fatty acid profile that strengthened the gut barrier and mitigated inflammation.

Conclusion: This study highlights the synergistic potential of Moringa oleifera, Cynara scolymus, and Allium fistulosum in alleviating diarrhea by targeting multiple pathological pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and electrolyte imbalance. These findings support the development of plant-based functional foods and nutraceuticals as innovative strategies for managing gastrointestinal disorders.