Analysing occupational injuries onboard in Türkiye: human factors and under-reporting issues.

Abstract

Background: Maritime transportation remains one of the most hazardous industries globally, with work-related incidents posing significant risks.

Material and method: This research investigates onboard occupational injuries in the Turkish maritime sector, focusing on cases between 2013 and 2024. The study analyzes onboard injuries using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System and Multiple Correspondence Analysis.

Results: The study reveals that human error, inadequate supervision and insufficient organisational processes are primary contributors, particularly in dry bulk vessel operations. A lack of adequate rescue operations is noted, leading to high fatality rates. Furthermore, the analysis identifies a significant issue of under-reporting, especially in less severe events and near misses, limiting the industry's ability to address and mitigate occupational risks effectively.

Conclusions: By improving reporting practices and addressing organisational failures, this study emphasises the need for stronger safety measures, more targeted training and better rescue preparedness to reduce the frequency and severity of occupational injuries and enhance the overall safety of maritime workers.