Toll-like receptors in mammalian sperm.

IF 2.7 3区 医学 Q2 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY
Reproductive Medicine and Biology Pub Date : 2025-04-15 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1002/rmb2.12651
Takashi Umehara, Takahiro Yamanaka, Masayuki Shimada
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical components of the innate immune system and are expressed in various cells, including the reproductive system. Although their roles in female reproductive tissues such as the ovaries and uterus, including their involvement in fertilization and implantation, have been extensively reviewed, their expression and function in male germ cells, particularly in sperm, remain underexplored.

Methods: This review provides a comprehensive summary of research on TLRs expressed in sperm, including findings from experimental models in mice, humans, and industrial livestock.

Results: The activation of TLR2 and TLR4, which detect Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, has been shown to reduce sperm motility and viability, thereby impairing fertilization. Conversely, low levels of TLR2 activation have been reported to promote the fertilization of bull sperm, suggesting that TLR2/4 may act as regulators of fertilization. TLR7 and TLR8, which are exclusively expressed in X chromosome-bearing sperm (X-sperm), have attracted increasing research interest. These receptors modulate sperm metabolism, selectively reduce the motility of X sperm, and enable the separation of X and Y sperm.

Conclusion: TLRs in the sperm serve as immune receptors that detect bacterial and viral infections, thereby reducing sperm functionality, preventing miscarriage, protecting maternal health, and sex selection.

哺乳动物精子中的toll样受体。
背景:toll样受体(TLRs)是先天免疫系统的重要组成部分,在包括生殖系统在内的各种细胞中表达。尽管它们在女性生殖组织(如卵巢和子宫)中的作用,包括它们在受精和着床中的作用,已经得到了广泛的研究,但它们在男性生殖细胞,特别是精子中的表达和功能仍未得到充分的研究。方法:本文综述了精子中tlr表达的研究,包括小鼠、人类和工业家畜实验模型的研究结果。结果:检测革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的TLR2和TLR4的激活已被证明会降低精子的活力和活力,从而损害受精。相反,据报道,低水平的TLR2激活可以促进公牛精子的受精,这表明TLR2/4可能是受精的调节因子。TLR7和TLR8仅在携带X染色体的精子(X-精子)中表达,引起了越来越多的研究兴趣。这些受体调节精子代谢,选择性地降低X精子的活力,使X和Y精子分离。结论:精子中的tlr作为检测细菌和病毒感染的免疫受体,从而降低精子功能,预防流产,保护孕产妇健康,促进性别选择。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
5.90%
发文量
53
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Reproductive Medicine and Biology (RMB) is the official English journal of the Japan Society for Reproductive Medicine, the Japan Society of Fertilization and Implantation, the Japan Society of Andrology, and publishes original research articles that report new findings or concepts in all aspects of reproductive phenomena in all kinds of mammals. Papers in any of the following fields will be considered: andrology, endocrinology, oncology, immunology, genetics, function of gonads and genital tracts, erectile dysfunction, gametogenesis, function of accessory sex organs, fertilization, embryogenesis, embryo manipulation, pregnancy, implantation, ontogenesis, infectious disease, contraception, etc.
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