Juvenile Delinquency in Kashmir: A Retrospective Analysis of Psychosocial Profiles.

Abstract

Background: India has a large population of children under 18, one-third of the total population. Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) has experienced an increase in juveniles in conflict with the law compared to the rest of the country. This study aimed to assess the socio-demographic profiles, psychosocial factors, and psychopathology of juveniles in conflict with the law in Kashmir who were referred to our institute for assessment.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study assessed records from January 2022 to June 2024. Data related to the socio-demographic profile, psychosocial factors, psychiatric disorders, charged offenses, and psychological assessments (Draw a Picture Test [DAPT], Rorschach Inkblot Test [RIBT]) were extracted and analysed.

Results: The mean age of the subjects was 17.24 years, and all participants were male. A history of child labor was reported in 29.26% of the subjects, while 41.46% (N = 17) experienced familial neglect. Hyperactivity and impulsivity, consistent with ADHD (7.31%), were the most common psychiatric disorders, followed by depression (4.87%) and anxiety disorders (4.87%). In the DAPT, most subjects scored higher on inadequacy, followed by anxiety and social immaturity. In contrast, intact cognitive mediation and an avoidant style were more prevalent in the RIBT. The most common offenses were registered under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, followed by the Arms Act and the Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses (POCSO) Act.

Conclusion: Our study observed a link between juvenile delinquency and developmental, psychological, and social factors. Anxiety, hyperactivity, and peer influence were frequently reported among the cases analysed, highlighting areas requiring further exploration. The findings underscore the importance of addressing developmental and mental health conditions, as well as psychosocial factors, in juveniles in conflict with the law. Future research should explore targeted rehabilitation programs and longitudinal studies to establish causality. In limitation, this retrospective study used descriptive statistics, limiting the ability to infer causation.