Eight Years Experience of a Tertiary Center on Fetal Lymphangiomas.

Abstract

Objective: Lymphangioma is a vascular malformation that develops during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. While often asymptomatic, it may cause pressure adjacent to vital organs and vascular structures. Therefore, comprehensive prenatal monitoring is essential to anticipate complications and plan appropriate postdelivery interventions.

Study design: A retrospective case series was conducted at a tertiary referral center from January 1, 2016, to January 1, 2024, on confirmed cases of fetal lymphangioma. In all cases, the pediatric surgery team verified the definitive diagnosis of lymphangioma during the postnatal period. Information regarding intraoperative observations was obtained from the surgical records and the surgical team.

Results: From 2016 to 2024, a total of nine cases of fetal lymphangioma were identified. As eight cases were referred due to fetal skin mass, one case was referred due to intestinal dilatation. The axillary fossa was the most affected site, with five cases (55.5%). One case (11.1%) underwent complete resection, while cyst puncture was used in the other eight (88.9%). All cases, except one with mesenteric lymphangioma, received bleomycin sclerotherapy alongside surgical intervention. In four (44.4%) cases, there was visible asymmetry in their bodies after treatment.

Conclusions: Lymphangiomas are mainly distinguished by their multiloculated and septated structures, but they can present in various forms. Despite the use of the most effective treatment method, the lesion may not completely regress, and undesirable outcomes may be experienced. Further studies focusing on molecular targeted diagnosis and treatment technologies are needed.