{"title":"From receptor to response: dissecting the TLR4 pathway in diabetic neuropathy.","authors":"Monserrat Hernandez-Reyes, Thura Tun Oo","doi":"10.1007/s10787-025-01774-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic neuropathy (DNP) is a common complication of diabetes that has a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. The primary objectives of clinical treatment for DNP these days are symptomatic pain management and glycemic control. Since there is currently no cure for nerve damage, the only objective is to alleviate discomfort and slow its progression. Pre-clinical research over the last decade has increasingly linked toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated neuroinflammation as a major contributor to DNP development. The role of TLR4-mediated neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of DNP is covered in this review, along with different therapeutic approaches that target TLR4-mediated neuroinflammation in DNP in pre-clinical research. Despite promising pre-clinical results, translating these findings into clinical practice remains a challenge, which we also discuss how to address and overcome in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":13551,"journal":{"name":"Inflammopharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Inflammopharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-025-01774-2","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DNP) is a common complication of diabetes that has a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. The primary objectives of clinical treatment for DNP these days are symptomatic pain management and glycemic control. Since there is currently no cure for nerve damage, the only objective is to alleviate discomfort and slow its progression. Pre-clinical research over the last decade has increasingly linked toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated neuroinflammation as a major contributor to DNP development. The role of TLR4-mediated neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of DNP is covered in this review, along with different therapeutic approaches that target TLR4-mediated neuroinflammation in DNP in pre-clinical research. Despite promising pre-clinical results, translating these findings into clinical practice remains a challenge, which we also discuss how to address and overcome in this review.
期刊介绍：
Inflammopharmacology is the official publication of the Gastrointestinal Section of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) and the Hungarian Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Society (HECPS). Inflammopharmacology publishes papers on all aspects of inflammation and its pharmacological control emphasizing comparisons of (a) different inflammatory states, and (b) the actions, therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs employed in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. The comparative aspects of the types of inflammatory conditions include gastrointestinal disease (e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn''s disease), parasitic diseases, toxicological manifestations of the effects of drugs and environmental agents, arthritic conditions, and inflammatory effects of injury or aging on skeletal muscle. The journal has seven main interest areas:
-Drug-Disease Interactions - Conditional Pharmacology - i.e. where the condition (disease or stress state) influences the therapeutic response and side (adverse) effects from anti-inflammatory drugs. Mechanisms of drug-disease and drug disease interactions and the role of different stress states
-Rheumatology - particular emphasis on methods of measurement of clinical response effects of new agents, adverse effects from anti-rheumatic drugs
-Gastroenterology - with particular emphasis on animal and human models, mechanisms of mucosal inflammation and ulceration and effects of novel and established anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory agents, or antiparasitic agents
-Neuro-Inflammation and Pain - model systems, pharmacology of new analgesic agents and mechanisms of neuro-inflammation and pain
-Novel drugs, natural products and nutraceuticals - and their effects on inflammatory processes, especially where there are indications of novel modes action compared with conventional drugs e.g. NSAIDs
-Muscle-immune interactions during inflammation [...]
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