Treatment Strategies for Peri-Implant Mucositis: The Final Stop for Preventing Peri-Implantitis.

Abstract

Objectives: This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of peri-implant mucositis, covering its etiology, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, and available treatment modalities. Methods: A comprehensive electronic and manual search was performed on electronic databases. Studies with focus on peri-implant mucositis were included and reviewed comprehensively. Based on the latest evidence, decisional workflows and clinical recommendations were proposed. Results: The review highlights the multifactorial etiology of peri-implant mucositis, primarily driven by bacterial biofilm accumulation. Key risk factors identified include poor oral hygiene, smoking, uncontrolled diabetes, and local factors such as implant surface characteristics and prosthesis design. Diagnostic criteria are based on the presence of clinical signs (inflammation, redness, swelling, and bleeding on probing (BoP)) and the absence of radiographic bone changes. Nonsurgical treatments, including mechanical debridement and photodynamic therapy (PDT), have shown effectiveness in managing the condition. However, the efficacy of adjunctive therapies remains inconclusive. Regular maintenance and optimal oral hygiene are critical in preventing and managing peri-implant mucositis. Conclusion: Peri-implant mucositis remains a prevalent condition in implant dentistry, with nonsurgical treatment strategies showing promising outcomes in disease management. Further research is needed to establish the long-term effectiveness of adjunctive therapies and optimize preventive strategies for maintaining peri-implant health.