Treatment-seeking methods, internalized stigma, and perceived social support levels of patients with mental disorders in different cultures: comparison of Eastern and Western examples in Turkiye.

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigated treatment-seeking methods, internalized stigma levels, and perceived social support among mental disorder patients in the eastern and western regions of Turkiye.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted between April 10, 2022, and October 10, 2022, in two centers: Mardin Research and Training Hospital Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic (Southeastern Anatolia Region) and Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic (Marmara Region). Simple random sampling method was used in the selection of participants. 238 patients (119 from each center) diagnosed with DSM-5 disorders participated. Assessment tools included the Help-Seeking Behavior Evaluation Form, Short Form of the Attitude Scale for Seeking Psychological Help (ATSPHS), Internalized Stigma Scale in Mental Illnesses (ISMI), and Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and independent t-tests.

Results: Patients in the western region reported higher perceived support from family and friends, while those in the eastern region experienced greater internalized stigma, including alienation, stereotype endorsement, perceived discrimination, and social withdrawal. Patients in the eastern region demonstrated a stronger preference for traditional healers. Conversely, patients in the western region were more likely to consult psychiatrists.

Conclusion: The study concludes that cultural factors significantly influence patients' attitudes toward treatment and mental health care. It emphasizes the need for culturally sensitive approaches in mental health interventions, particularly in rural and disadvantaged areas. Community-based psychoeducation programs could help reduce stigma and encourage earlier help-seeking behaviors.