Human and pathogen-encoded circular RNAs in viral infections: insights into functions and therapeutic opportunities.

IF 3.1 2区生物学 Q3 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Human molecular genetics Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI:10.1093/hmg/ddaf031

Noah L Mueller, Adela Dujsikova, Amrita Singh, Y Grace Chen

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as important regulatory molecules in both host and viral systems, acting as microRNA sponges, protein decoys or scaffolds, and templates for protein translation. Host-derived circRNAs are increasingly recognized for their roles in immune responses, while virus-encoded circRNAs, especially those from DNA viruses, have been shown to modulate host cellular machinery to favor viral replication and immune evasion. Recently, RNA virus-encoded circRNAs were also discovered, but evidence suggests that they might be generated using a different mechanism compared to the circRNAs produced from the host and DNA viruses. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of both host and virus-derived circRNAs, with a focus on their biological roles and contributions to pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of circRNAs as biomarkers and their application as therapeutic targets or scaffolds for RNA-based therapies. Understanding the roles of circRNAs in host-virus interactions offers novel insights into RNA biology and opens new avenues for therapeutic strategies against viral diseases and associated cancers.

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病毒感染中的人类和病原体编码环状rna：对功能和治疗机会的见解。

环状rna （circRNAs）是宿主和病毒系统中重要的调控分子，作为微rna海绵、蛋白质诱饵或支架以及蛋白质翻译的模板。宿主衍生的环状rna在免疫应答中的作用越来越得到认可，而病毒编码的环状rna，特别是来自DNA病毒的环状rna，已被证明可以调节宿主细胞机制，以促进病毒复制和免疫逃避。最近，RNA病毒编码的环状RNA也被发现，但有证据表明，与宿主和DNA病毒产生的环状RNA相比，它们可能使用不同的机制产生。这篇综述强调了我们对宿主和病毒来源的环状rna的理解的最新进展，重点是它们的生物学作用和对发病机制的贡献。此外，我们还讨论了环状rna作为生物标志物的潜力，以及它们作为基于rna的治疗靶点或支架的应用。了解环状RNA在宿主-病毒相互作用中的作用为RNA生物学提供了新的见解，并为针对病毒性疾病和相关癌症的治疗策略开辟了新的途径。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Human molecular genetics 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

6.90

自引率

2.90%

发文量

294

审稿时长

2-4 weeks

期刊介绍： Human Molecular Genetics concentrates on full-length research papers covering a wide range of topics in all aspects of human molecular genetics. These include: the molecular basis of human genetic disease developmental genetics cancer genetics neurogenetics chromosome and genome structure and function therapy of genetic disease stem cells in human genetic disease and therapy, including the application of iPS cells genome-wide association studies mouse and other models of human diseases functional genomics computational genomics In addition, the journal also publishes research on other model systems for the analysis of genes, especially when there is an obvious relevance to human genetics.