The relationship between form and function of the carnivore mandible.

4区 医学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Anatomical Record Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI:10.1002/ar.25678
Charles J Salcido, P David Polly
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Dietary morphology diversified extensively in Carnivoraformes (living Carnivora and their stem relatives) during the Cenozoic (the last 66 million years) as they evolved to capture, handle, and process new animal and plant diets. We used 3D geometric morphometrics, mechanical advantage, and finite element analysis to test the evolutionary relationship between mandibular form and biomechanical function as subclades independently made the transition from mesocarnivorous diets (50%-70% animal matter) to hypercarnivorous (>70% animal matter) and osteophagous ones (substantial bone processing). We found that mandible shape is correlated with these dietary categories, with mechanical advantage estimates, and with stress and strain caused by the interaction between canine loading and the position of the temporalis relative to the carnassial. The separation of dietary categories is likely related to differences in mandible shape regarding condyle shape, muscle attachment shape, carnassial length, and the length and curvature of the horizontal ramus. This is in turn related to mechanical advantage estimates as the most strongly associated are related to the lengthening of the temporalis lever arm and the shortening of the mandible and the bite point lever arm. The stress and strain differences are likely related to the variation in the distal (or rostral) part of the mandible associated with prey of different sizes (mesocarnivores usually take prey smaller than their own body size, whereas hypercarnivores take prey equal to or larger than themselves). Mesocarnivorous taxa, on average, have higher stress and strain on the mandible than the other diet groups.

食肉动物下颌骨形态与功能的关系。
在新生代(过去的6600万年),食肉动物(现存的食肉动物及其茎类近亲)的饮食形态发生了广泛的多样化,因为它们进化到能够捕捉、处理和加工新的动植物饮食。我们使用三维几何形态计量学、力学优势和有限元分析来测试下颌骨形态和生物力学功能之间的进化关系,因为亚枝独立地从中食性饮食(50%-70%动物物质)过渡到高食性饮食(50%-70%动物物质)和骨食性饮食(大量骨骼加工)。我们发现,下颌骨的形状与这些饮食类别、机械优势估计以及由犬的负荷和颞肌相对于兽骨的位置之间的相互作用引起的应力和应变有关。饮食种类的分离可能与下颌形状的差异有关,包括髁突形状、肌肉附着形状、鼻骨长度以及水平支的长度和弯曲度。这反过来又与机械优势估计有关,因为与颞侧杠杆臂的延长和下颌骨和咬点杠杆臂的缩短最密切相关。压力和应变的差异可能与下颌骨远端(或吻侧)的变化有关,这些变化与不同大小的猎物有关(中食肉动物通常捕食比自己体型小的猎物,而超食肉动物捕食与自己体型相等或更大的猎物)。平均而言,中食性动物的下颌骨承受的压力和应变要高于其他食性动物。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Anatomical Record
Anatomical Record Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: The Anatomical Record
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