{"title":"Nutrient recycling and utilization of <i>Torreya grandis</i> 'Merrillii' along an age gradient.","authors":"Aifei Fan, Songheng Jin, Yangzhou Tan, Weiwei Huan, Wenjing Chen, Xiaoyu Wang, Yini Han","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1566140","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The intrinsic relationships among plants, litter, and soil nutrient characteristics, along with the responses of ecological stoichiometry to nutrient utilization, are critical for understanding the mechanisms of nutrient cycling. However, limited research in this area has constrained our comprehension of nutrient dynamics within ecosystems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate the stoichiometric characteristics and nutrient resorption traits of Torreya grandis plantations across various stand ages, as well as their adaptive strategies and nutrient utilization mechanisms under local growth conditions, we conducted a study in the <i>T. grandis</i> Forest Park. This study examined five stand age groups: young (20 years), near-mature (50 years), mature (80 years), over-mature (100 years), and thousand (1,000 years). We measured the nutrient contents of soil, fresh leaves, and litterfall, and analyzed their stoichiometric relationships and nutrient resorption characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1.The growth of <i>T. grandis</i> plantations was primarily limited by nitrogen (N) during the early stages, transitioning to phosphorus (P) limitation with increasing stand age, particularly in the over-mature stage. High C:N and C:P ratios in leaves indicated low N and P use efficiency. 2.Leaf nutrient concentrations remained relatively stable across different stand ages, whereas nutrient concentrations in litterfall gradually declined, indicating an increase in nutrient cycling efficiency. Meanwhile, soil nutrient accumulation showed a gradual increase with stand development. <i>T. grandis</i> exhibited distinct nutrient resorption strategies at different stand ages: phosphorus resorption efficiency (PRE) was higher in young stands, whereas nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE) significantly increased in mature and over-mature stands. Furthermore, this nutrient allocation mechanism influenced the nutritional content of <i>T. grandis</i> seeds, highlighting the significant impact of stand age on seed quality. 3.The nutrient characteristics of <i>T. grandis</i> plantations are influenced by both stand age and soil nutrient availability.Management practices should prioritize the supplementation of soil nutrients, particularly P, and the enhancement of nutrient cycling efficiency.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study offers a scientific foundation for the sustainable management and production of <i>T. grandis</i> plantations in the region, highlighting the importance of targeted soil nutrient management to improve ecosystem productivity and sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1566140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12044428/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Plant Science","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2025.1566140","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Introduction: The intrinsic relationships among plants, litter, and soil nutrient characteristics, along with the responses of ecological stoichiometry to nutrient utilization, are critical for understanding the mechanisms of nutrient cycling. However, limited research in this area has constrained our comprehension of nutrient dynamics within ecosystems.
Methods: To investigate the stoichiometric characteristics and nutrient resorption traits of Torreya grandis plantations across various stand ages, as well as their adaptive strategies and nutrient utilization mechanisms under local growth conditions, we conducted a study in the T. grandis Forest Park. This study examined five stand age groups: young (20 years), near-mature (50 years), mature (80 years), over-mature (100 years), and thousand (1,000 years). We measured the nutrient contents of soil, fresh leaves, and litterfall, and analyzed their stoichiometric relationships and nutrient resorption characteristics.
Results: 1.The growth of T. grandis plantations was primarily limited by nitrogen (N) during the early stages, transitioning to phosphorus (P) limitation with increasing stand age, particularly in the over-mature stage. High C:N and C:P ratios in leaves indicated low N and P use efficiency. 2.Leaf nutrient concentrations remained relatively stable across different stand ages, whereas nutrient concentrations in litterfall gradually declined, indicating an increase in nutrient cycling efficiency. Meanwhile, soil nutrient accumulation showed a gradual increase with stand development. T. grandis exhibited distinct nutrient resorption strategies at different stand ages: phosphorus resorption efficiency (PRE) was higher in young stands, whereas nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE) significantly increased in mature and over-mature stands. Furthermore, this nutrient allocation mechanism influenced the nutritional content of T. grandis seeds, highlighting the significant impact of stand age on seed quality. 3.The nutrient characteristics of T. grandis plantations are influenced by both stand age and soil nutrient availability.Management practices should prioritize the supplementation of soil nutrients, particularly P, and the enhancement of nutrient cycling efficiency.
Discussion: This study offers a scientific foundation for the sustainable management and production of T. grandis plantations in the region, highlighting the importance of targeted soil nutrient management to improve ecosystem productivity and sustainability.
期刊介绍：
In an ever changing world, plant science is of the utmost importance for securing the future well-being of humankind. Plants provide oxygen, food, feed, fibers, and building materials. In addition, they are a diverse source of industrial and pharmaceutical chemicals. Plants are centrally important to the health of ecosystems, and their understanding is critical for learning how to manage and maintain a sustainable biosphere. Plant science is extremely interdisciplinary, reaching from agricultural science to paleobotany, and molecular physiology to ecology. It uses the latest developments in computer science, optics, molecular biology and genomics to address challenges in model systems, agricultural crops, and ecosystems. Plant science research inquires into the form, function, development, diversity, reproduction, evolution and uses of both higher and lower plants and their interactions with other organisms throughout the biosphere. Frontiers in Plant Science welcomes outstanding contributions in any field of plant science from basic to applied research, from organismal to molecular studies, from single plant analysis to studies of populations and whole ecosystems, and from molecular to biophysical to computational approaches.
Frontiers in Plant Science publishes articles on the most outstanding discoveries across a wide research spectrum of Plant Science. The mission of Frontiers in Plant Science is to bring all relevant Plant Science areas together on a single platform.
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