Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Insights into Enterococcus faecalis Isolates from Broilers and Their Handlers in Punjab, India.

IF 1.9 2区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Neha Parmar, Randhir Singh, Anuj Tyagi, Simranpreet Kaur, Hina Malik, Rabinder Singh Aulakh, Anil Kumar Arora, Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
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Abstract

Enterococcus faecalis, a common constituent of human and animal gut microbiota, has emerged as a significant pathogen due to its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) capabilities. This study investigates AMR profiles, virulence factors, and genetic diversity of E. faecalis isolates from broiler farms in Ludhiana, Punjab, India, to explore transmission dynamics between poultry and handlers. A total of 240 samples were collected from 20 farms, comprising 200 broiler droppings, 34 hand swabs from poultry handlers, and 6 human stool samples. Selective media and standard microbiological techniques were employed to isolate and identify E. faecalis. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on representative isolates to uncover antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors. E. faecalis was isolated from 47% of broiler droppings and 26.47% of handler hand swabs, whereas no isolates were recovered from stool samples. High resistance was observed for erythromycin (96.11%), tetracycline (78.64%), ciprofloxacin (76.69%), streptomycin (76.69%), and linezolid (65.04%), with 83.49% of isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR). Vancomycin resistance genes (vanC1-34.95% and vanC2/C3-9.70%) were also detected. WGS analysis of four isolates identified ARGs such as dfrE, efrA, vanT gene in vanG cluster, vanY gene in vanB cluster, ermB, tet45, tetM, tetA, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, ant(4')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, sul1, sul3, mphA, qnrS1, and catA8, as well as virulence factors associated with biofilm formation, adherence, capsule formation, and protease production. Sequence typing identified was ST-1866, ST-7317, and ST-403, with ST-7317 common between broiler droppings and handler swab isolates, indicating potential transmission. While these findings highlight poultry environments as reservoirs for MDR E. faecalis, the directionality of transmission (zoonotic vs. reverse zoonotic) remains unclear. This underscores the need for expanded surveillance and molecular studies to better understand transmission dynamics and mitigate risks to farm workers and public health.

印度旁遮普肉鸡及其处理者粪肠球菌分离物的抗微生物药物耐药性和基因组学研究。
粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)是人类和动物肠道微生物群的共同组成部分,由于其抗微生物药物耐药性(AMR)能力而成为一种重要的病原体。本研究调查了印度旁遮普省卢迪亚纳肉鸡养殖场的粪肠杆菌的AMR谱、毒力因子和遗传多样性,以探索家禽和处理者之间的传播动态。在20个农场共收集了240个样本,包括200只肉鸡粪便、34个家禽处理人员的手拭子和6个人类粪便样本。采用选择性培养基和标准微生物学技术分离鉴定粪肠球菌。对有代表性的分离株进行全基因组测序(WGS),以揭示耐药性基因(ARGs)和毒力因子。从47%的肉鸡粪便和26.47%的处理者手拭子中分离出粪肠杆菌,而从粪便样本中未分离出菌株。对红霉素(96.11%)、四环素(78.64%)、环丙沙星(76.69%)、链霉素(76.69%)和利奈唑胺(65.04%)耐药较高,其中83.49%的菌株出现多药耐药(MDR)。同时检测到万古霉素耐药基因(vanC1-34.95%、vanC2/C3-9.70%)。WGS分析鉴定了4株分离株的ARGs,如vanG簇中的dfrE、efrA、vanT基因、vanB簇中的vanY基因、ermB、tet45、tetM、tetA、aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia、ant(4’)-Ib、aph(3’)-Ia、sul1、sul3、mphA、qnrS1和catA8,以及与生物膜形成、粘附、胶囊形成和蛋白酶产生相关的毒力因子。序列分型鉴定为ST-1866、ST-7317和ST-403,其中ST-7317在肉鸡粪便和处理者拭子分离株中常见,表明存在潜在传播。虽然这些发现强调家禽环境是耐多药粪肠杆菌的宿主,但传播的方向性(人畜共患还是反向人畜共患)仍不清楚。这强调需要扩大监测和分子研究,以更好地了解传播动态并减轻对农场工人和公共卫生的风险。
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来源期刊
Foodborne pathogens and disease
Foodborne pathogens and disease 医学-食品科技
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
3.60%
发文量
80
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Foodborne Pathogens and Disease is one of the most inclusive scientific publications on the many disciplines that contribute to food safety. Spanning an array of issues from "farm-to-fork," the Journal bridges the gap between science and policy to reduce the burden of foodborne illness worldwide. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease coverage includes: Agroterrorism Safety of organically grown and genetically modified foods Emerging pathogens Emergence of drug resistance Methods and technology for rapid and accurate detection Strategies to destroy or control foodborne pathogens Novel strategies for the prevention and control of plant and animal diseases that impact food safety Biosecurity issues and the implications of new regulatory guidelines Impact of changing lifestyles and consumer demands on food safety.
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