HPV-Mediated Radiosensitivity in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Mechanisms and Cellular Pathways.

IF 5 2区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY
Current Oncology Reports Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-11 DOI:10.1007/s11912-025-01666-2
Allen M Chen
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose of review: While the oncogenic potential of HPV has been well-established in other disease sites (e.g. cervix, vulva, anus), it is increasingly evident that a significant proportion of oropharyngeal cancer cases are related to the virus. Although considerable progress has been made in the understanding of this disease with respect to its underlying biology and clinical behavior, numerous questions persist. From a therapeutic standpoint, HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer has been shown to be more radiosensitive than HPV-negative disease. However, how HPV mediates this radiosensitivity is relatively uncertain.

Recent findings: Given that it has been firmly established that patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer have a significantly improved prognosis as a result of their exquisite response to radiation and can be treated with less-than-standard doses, logical questions pertain to how HPV confers this benefit to infected patients. Although the exact reason for the improved radiosensitivity of HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma is unclear, multiple theories have been proposed. Indeed, it is likely that no single explanation exists for the increased radiosensitivity, and instead, HPV likely exerts its influence through a cascade of activated pathways at both the cellular level and tumor microenvironment. As will be discussed in this review, the proposed mechanisms for HPV-induced radiation response have generally centered on the disruption of such cellular pathways as DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoints, metabolic-induced stress, immunology, and cancer stem cells. Given that HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer is increasingly recognized as a public health problem, the search to better understand its unique biological radiosensitivity has important societal and treatment-related implications.

口咽鳞状细胞癌中hpv介导的放射敏感性:分子机制和细胞途径。
综述目的:虽然HPV的致癌潜力已经在其他疾病部位(如子宫颈、外阴、肛门)得到证实,但越来越明显的是,相当大比例的口咽癌病例与该病毒有关。尽管在了解这种疾病的潜在生物学和临床行为方面取得了相当大的进展,但仍存在许多问题。从治疗的角度来看,hpv阳性的口咽癌已被证明比hpv阴性的疾病对放射更敏感。然而,HPV如何介导这种放射敏感性是相对不确定的。最近的发现:鉴于已经确定HPV阳性口咽癌患者由于对辐射的良好反应而预后显著改善,并且可以用低于标准剂量进行治疗,那么合乎逻辑的问题是HPV如何赋予感染患者这种益处。虽然hpv阳性口咽癌放射敏感性提高的确切原因尚不清楚,但已经提出了多种理论。事实上,对于增加的放射敏感性可能没有单一的解释,相反,HPV可能通过细胞水平和肿瘤微环境的级联激活途径发挥其影响。正如本文将要讨论的,hpv诱导的辐射反应的机制通常集中在DNA修复、细胞周期检查点、代谢诱导的应激、免疫学和癌症干细胞等细胞通路的破坏上。鉴于hpv阳性口咽癌越来越被认为是一个公共卫生问题,更好地了解其独特的生物放射敏感性的研究具有重要的社会和治疗相关意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
187
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: This journal aims to review the most important, recently published clinical findings in the field of oncology. By providing clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to serve all those involved in the care of those affected by cancer. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas, such as cancer prevention, leukemia, melanoma, neuro-oncology, and palliative medicine. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also provided.
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