Clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of gastric adenocarcinoma patients: a retrospective study from Ain Shams Clinical Oncology Department.

Abstract

Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) has a different epidemiological profile in Egypt than in other countries. It ranks 11th in incidence, with 3,285 new cases and 10th in mortality, with 2,469 cases. This retrospective study aims to analyze gastric cancer epidemiology and clinical outcomes in Egyptian patients at Ain Shams University Clinical Oncology Department.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the complete medical records of patients with confirmed GAC at the Ain Shams University Clinical Oncology Department from January 2017 to December 2020.

Results: This study included 70 patients with GAC. The median age was 52.5 years, with nearly half of cases under 50 years and males representing 53% of the cohort. 70% of patients were from urban areas. Nearly one-third were smokers, with 57.1% having medical comorbidities, mainly diabetes mellitus, hypertension and viral hepatitis. Additionally, 25.7% had a positive family history of GAC. Most Common presenting symptoms were vomiting (42.9%) and abdominal pain (57.1%). 40% of tumours were in the gastric body, and 64.3% were diffuse-type GAC, with 64.3% classified as high grade (III). At presentation, the majority of cases were metastatic (55.7%), with 15.7% presenting with stage II disease and 28.6% with stage III. Most patients (72.8%) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group ≤2. Only 18.6% received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, while 48.6% underwent surgical resection with adequate lymph node dissection in 55.9% of cases. Adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation was administered to 19 patients. The median overall survival (OS) was 11 months, 36 months for stage II, 17 months for stage III and 7 months for stage IV. Univariate analysis indicated that female gender, higher stage (Stage III-IV), higher grade (G IV), absence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and intestinal type were significantly associated with increased mortality. However, multivariate analysis adjusting for these factors identified the advanced stage as a significant independent predictor of mortality.

Conclusion: This study identified the distinct GAC profile of Egyptian patients, younger age, aggressive tumours and frequent metastases. These factors contributed to lower OS. Further research and targeted interventions are needed to improve outcomes.