Knowledge and Adherence to Lifestyle Habits to Prevent Complications Associated With Immunosuppression in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Survey.

Abstract

Background: Chronic immunosuppression associated with certain lifestyle habits render kidney transplant (KT) recipients more susceptible to infection and cancer. We assessed the level of knowledge and adherence to safe living strategies to minimize the occurrence of posttransplant complications.

Methods: Consecutive KT recipients were offered a self-administered questionnaire covering the following areas: demographics and socioeconomic factors; generic hygiene habits; sun exposure; smoking and alcohol consumption; vaccination status; animal contact and gardening; international travelling; and food safety and habits.

Results: Between May 2019 and May 2021, 130 KT recipients responded the survey at a median of 61.5 posttransplant days (completion rate of 94.9%). Only 19.7% of participants visited the dentist at least every 3-6 months. Although the majority (88.5%) were aware of the need of sunscreen, only 23.3% used it throughout the year. Self-reported influenza vaccine uptake in the last session was 69.1%. Pet ownership was reported by 41.7% of participants, of which more than one-third had considered to give up the care of their animals. Gardening and international travel were uncommon. A notable proportion of participants acknowledged to consume the following products either "usually" or "often": raw or undercooked meat (12.4%), undercooked fish (24.8%), raw seafood (8.8%), homemade sausages or cured ham (51.5%), pâté or meat spreads (35.2%), and "ready-to-eat" salads (31.8%). Adherence was poorer among non-native-speaking patients and those with lower education and household incomes.

Conclusion: There is room for improvement in health education and promotion practices among KT recipients, particularly those with potential cultural and socioeconomic barriers.