Assessment of oral hygiene knowledge and health-promoting behaviors among adults in the Masovian Voivodeship, Poland: A cross-sectional survey study.

Abstract

Background: The examination of pro-health behaviors is important in the assessment of factors that influence the health of the population. Despite a constant increase in pro-health awareness observed within Polish society, the epidemiological picture of adult oral health remains unsatisfactory.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the level of knowledge of the study population regarding the prevention of caries, the role of fluoride compounds, and hygiene habits.

Material and methods: A quantitative cross-sectional methodology was employed in the study. A specially designed anonymous survey was used to ensure the confidentiality of participants and to encourage truthful responses. The data was collected over a 5-month period using computer-assisted web interviewing (CAWI) with a Google Forms survey. The link to the survey was shared in public groups and on social media platforms, ensuring the collection of a diverse sample. Submitted surveys were cataloged and de-identified prior to analysis.

Results: The final sample size of the study was 643 participants. In the present study, only 95 respondents (14.77%) demonstrated sufficient knowledge about oral hygiene and declared behaviors that align with recommended practices. Factors such as place of residence, education and income did not have a statistically significant effect on the level of health awareness in relation to the preferred health attitude of the "ideal patient". The study revealed a lack of knowledge regarding the role of fluoride in caries prevention, with some individuals considering it harmful and refraining from using fluoride toothpaste. Approximately 20% of the surveyed population lacked awareness of the presence of fluoride in their toothpaste. These observations were comparable across both rural and urban areas.

Conclusions: The present study indicates insufficient knowledge regarding oral health among the study population. It is necessary to introduce more comprehensive oral health education programs targeted at the adult population of Poland.