Extracellular vesicles as cancer biomarkers and drug delivery strategies in clinical settings: Advances, perspectives, and challenges.

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Clinics Pub Date : 2025-05-01 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.clinsp.2025.100635

Raphaela Rebeca Silveira Assunção, Nathalia Leal Santos, Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade

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Abstract

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and despite the introduction of new therapeutic approaches for advanced cases aimed at improving patient survival, only a subset of patients benefits from a complete response. In this context, there is a growing need for new cancer biomarkers and therapeutic strategies, and the use of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) has been widely explored in various approaches. As circulating lipid-bilayer particles carrying a variety of biological information from tumor cells, EVs can be employed as good biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis, therapy evaluation, and as adjuvants in cancer treatment. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the different types of EVs and their biogenesis and discuss how tumor-derived EV cargo can serve as a potential biomarker in clinical settings through liquid biopsy. We also highlight recent advances in EV nanoengineering and their potential as adjuvants in cancer treatment. Finally, we discuss the key unknowns, gaps, and bottlenecks that must be addressed to fully integrate EVs into precision oncology.

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细胞外囊泡作为癌症生物标志物和临床药物递送策略：进展、观点和挑战。

癌症是世界范围内的主要死亡原因，尽管针对晚期病例引入了旨在提高患者生存率的新治疗方法，但只有一小部分患者从完全缓解中受益。在这种背景下，人们对新的癌症生物标志物和治疗策略的需求日益增长，细胞外囊泡（EVs）的使用已经在各种方法中得到了广泛的探索。ev作为一种循环脂质双分子层颗粒，携带着来自肿瘤细胞的多种生物信息，可作为诊断、预后、治疗评价的良好生物标志物，并可作为肿瘤治疗的辅助剂。在这篇综述中，我们简要概述了不同类型的EV及其生物发生，并讨论了肿瘤来源的EV货物如何通过液体活检在临床环境中作为潜在的生物标志物。我们还强调了EV纳米工程的最新进展及其在癌症治疗中作为佐剂的潜力。最后，我们讨论了将电动汽车完全整合到精准肿瘤学中必须解决的关键未知数、差距和瓶颈。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinics 医学-医学：内科

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

3.70%

发文量

129

审稿时长

52 days

期刊介绍： CLINICS is an electronic journal that publishes peer-reviewed articles in continuous flow, of interest to clinicians and researchers in the medical sciences. CLINICS complies with the policies of funding agencies which request or require deposition of the published articles that they fund into publicly available databases. CLINICS supports the position of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) on trial registration.